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or take away all the vſe or part therof. If the tongue ſeemeth whole and without wemme, and the ſpeach fayleth: the default commeth of the braine, or of the ſinewes of feeling ſtopped. Sometime looſing of ſpeach commeth by looſing of wit, as in phrenſie and Litargi.[1] Hitherto ſpeaketh Conſtantine in viatico. In Pantegni, Conſtantine aſſigneth other defaults of the tongue, where hée ſayth, That there ryſe broad blaines ſpread into the vtter ſkinne of the tongue, as it fareth in children that ſuck euill milke: And theſe blaines be ſometime white, and ſometime blacke. And ſometime happeneth a Poſtume in the tongue, that maketh it greatly ſwollen, and paſſeth out of the mouth: and that Poſtume is called, outlawing of the tongue. And another Poſtume of the tongue is called Rana, a Frogge. For becauſe it is bread as a Frogge vnder the tongue, and taketh awaye and benimmeth the vſage of the tongue. And ſo it is called a dumbe Frogge, for the effects and déed. Alſo there is an other poſtume of the tongue, full of bloud, whereby all the tongue is gréeued, and the ſpeath and taſt is let. By gleamie humours, that haue maiſtery in ye tongue, ye ſence of taſt is corrupted and chaunged ſo that ſweet things ſéeme bitter and weariſhe: and contrariwiſe as ſayth Galen. Alſo Galen ſayth, that ſometime it happeneth, that the tongue ſtuffeth and ſtamereth by too much moiſture when the ſtringes of the tongue may not ſtretch and ſpread into the utter parts thereof for too much moyſture, as it fareth in dronken men, that ſtamer when they bée ſoe much in moiſture in the braine. Therefore Galen ſayth, that kindlye ſtamering men, ſtamer through too much moiſture of the braine, or elſe through too much moiſting of the tongue, or for both. Alſo that ſuperfluitie of moyſture is the cauſe why that ſome men maye not readilye pronounce all letters: but ſometime ſowne li for I, other C, for T, as it fareth in children that ſpel and corrupt many letters, and cannot pronounce them, All this ſayth Galen ſuper Aphoris. Ipodrauli. Ratteling men bée moyſte: for too much moyſture of ſuch men, which is cauſe of ratteling, commeth to the ſtomacke, and maketh oft the bowells ſlipper, and bréedeth Diarrian,[2] that is the fluxe of the wombe, as ſayth Galen. Alſo in Pategni, Conſtantine ſaith, that in the ſides of the ſtringes of the tongue be ſome veines that ſerue the tongue of ſpittle, and theſe veines ſpring out of the beginning of the tongue. And of theſe veines come a flumatike moyſture, that is called ſpittle, and ſo Phiſitions call them the veines of ſpittle, and the houes of ſpittle. The beginning of the tongue, wherof the veines come and ſpring, is white kirnell fleſh, and bréedeth ſpittle, that moyſteth the tongue, and tempereth drineſſe of meate and increaſeth the iuyce thereof, as it ſhall bée ſayd after. Ariſtotle. b. 6. ſaith, that ſome ſheep haue white vaines vnder ye tongue, and they haue white lambes: and ſome haue blacke vaines, and they haue black lambes. Then gather briefly of that is ſaid, that the tongue is a ſubſtance fleſhy, bloudie, and holow, and receiueth the influence of ſpirit, and is hot and moiſt in complection, and ſlender and euenlong, in diſpoſition ſhapen as a ſwoorde in the formoſt part, redde in coulour, ſet in a holow & moiſt place, to moue eaſily, to forme the ſpeach and voice, to know ſauours, to moiſt the month by emiſſion of ſpittle, & to tell the mouing of thoughtes of the ſoule. And it is cloſed with ye téeth and lips, as with double wal, and in many beaſts concerning the forme, it hath a diuers ſhape. For in ſome beaſts it is ſhort & great, & in ſome contrary wiſe. They that haue great tongues haue holow or ſad voice, and contrariwiſe: and ſome beaſts haue tongues medicineable & healthful, which commeth either of the goodileſſe of kinde & of ſome other hidden propertie, as the tongue of a hounde, as ſayth Caſsioderus: and ſome haue ſlaieng tongues & venemous, through malliſe & woodneſſe of the humour that hath maſtry therin, as ye tongues of ſerpents, adders, dragōs, & of a wood hound, whoſe biting is moſt venemous, his tongue hāgeth alway without ye mouth, & droppeth venī, corrupteth & infecteth ye water, in