Page:Batman upon Bartolome.djvu/135
vertue Informatiue of ſhaping. And ſuch an head is trauailed & grieued with head ach, and ach of the eares, as ſayth Conſtantine. Ariſtotle. li. 14. ſaith, that the diſpoſition of the necke varieth and chaungeth in beaſts and in ſoules. For in foure footed beaſts with thicke bodies and meane thighs, the necke is ſhort and great: and much ſtrength of ſuch beaſts is in the necke. As it fareth in Oxen, Bulls, Beares and Wolues, the moſt ſtrength of thē is in the bone of the neck: and therefore Oxen be commonly yoked by the necke. And beaſts with long thighes and greate bodies haue oft long necks, and that is néedfull for to paſturs or feede. As it fareth in Horſes, Camels, Hartes, and ſuch other beaſts. And the moſt fairenes of an horſe is in the neck. For by the highneſſe, and thickneſſe, and ſtretching thereof, he is accounted fierts in courage of many men. Alſo in eo. li. Ari. ſaith, ye ſoules yt haue crooked bills, hath ſhort neckes, as it fareth in Goſhaukes, Eagles, & Sparhaukes. And ſoules that haue long billes and ſtraight, haue long neckes, as it fareth in Cranes, Hearnes, Géeſe and Ganders: and that is for to get then meate in déepeneſſe of moores, fennes, and riuers. Alſo he ſayth there, that all ſoules that haue long bills, haue great neckes and thicke, and flye with the neckes ſtraight out, and if they haue long néetres and ſtretching forwarde, they bēnd and plye them as it wet folding or pleytes, when they flye. Alſo he ſaith, that if a beaſt hath long thighs, he hath a long necke: and if he hath ſhort thighes, he hath a ſhort necke. Euerye beaſt that hath a necke, and he breathe not, he hath none aire within. Alſo euery beaſt that hath a necke, hath lunges, and that beaſt that draweth no ayre in, hath no necke.
All beaſts that forward winde themſelues round as a ring, haue no necke diſtinguiſhed from the body, as fiſhes, Eeles, and Adders, and ſuch other long wormes that bend themſelues, and that for they haue no ſhoulders. For nothing is called the neck, but that member that is betwéene the head and ſhoulders, as ſaith Ariſtotle there.
¶Of the ſhoulders. Ca. 26.
MAns ſhoulders are called Humeri in Latine,[1] for diſtinction betwéene man and other beaſts, and ſo our ſhoulders be called Humeri, and haue armes, as ſaith Conſtantine. And the ſhoulders are compoſed of diners bones, of which the ſhoulder blades be chiefe[2], & are called blades, for ye they be ſhapen as a broad ſword. Spaton, is to vnderſtand, broad, & theſe bones be néedful, as Con. ſaith, for double cauſe, either ſo defend the breaſt, that it be not greued behind by outward things: or els to binde togethers the bones of the ſhoulders, that be hollowe within, and bending outward. The hollowneſſe within is néedfull to helpe the ribbes, and theſe bones haue knottes, which be called the eyen of the ſhoulder blades, as Phiſitions lay, and haue that name of office: for as the eyen defend and ward all the fortparts of the body, ſo theſe defend and kéepe behinde the breaſts and ribs: theſe eyen be hollow, that the ſharpneſſe of the ſhoulders may enter. The ſhoulders blade hath two ſharpneſſes, that one is behinde lyke to a rauens bill, by the which the ſhoulder blade is bound to the forke, that it goe not out of his ouer place inward: heerto kinde ſendeth and ſetteth that other ſharpeneſſe of the ſhōulders, that it ſhuld not paſſe out downward. The twiſted forkes be néedfull to binde the ſhoulders, and to depart them from the breaſt. The bones of them be round without, & hollow within, and bound to the tendernes of the breaſt, and behinde to the place called, the rauens byll. The bondes of them be griftly bones, and are called, the heads of the ſhoulders, and onelye ſet to cheyne or faſten the ſhoulders lynke wiſe togethers. Héereof & followeth, that the ſhoulders be néedfull to defende the ſpirituall members, and to binde and cheyne togethers the boanes of the breaſt, of the armes, and of the ribbes.
Alſo to beare by the boanes and ioynes of the necke. Alſo they are néedfull to beare burthens and wayghte,