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Then the pappe is a néedfull member to feede and nouriſh the childe, & to take menſtruall bloud to turne into milke: & to cauſe ye bloud that is vnpured, to diſſolue, and to make it white, ſwéete, and thicke, and to defend the breaſt and the heart, and to know Sexus and ages, and is ſhewer of corruption. And the pappe is rounde, euenlong, ſinewye, fleſhye, dennie, and fully ſet to the teeth of children.
¶Of the Lungs. Cap. 35.
THe lunges[1] be the bellowes of ye hart: for in the lungs is a ſpirit that bloweth and moueth, and receiueth and putteth out aire. Or els, the lungs be called Pulmo in Latine, becauſe it heateth in opening of it ſelfe, that it maye take in breth, and thruſting together may put it out. [2]Vnto the lungs belong the throte boll, that is to ſay, the gul of the throte, the lung pipe and weſon pertaining to the lyghts and to the heart, conueying aire to them both, and diuideth it ſelfe by many pipes within the lungs. The lungs or lights, are called the bellowes of the body, for it draweth and ſendeth forth againe the aire, with the which, the hart & other members be tēpered, and faſhioned much like an Oxe hofe: and is in continuall mouing, in drawing in and out of breath, as ſaith Iſidor. And the lunges are made of fleſh ſofte & airely, full like to the fome that is run & crudded, as ſaith Con. The lunges helpeth the heart, and beclippeth it al about, and ſerueth the heart of colde ayre to make it temperate: alſo the lunges bée the inſtrument of the ſpirite and of the voyce. The ſpirite and breath is néedefull for the heart to draw in aire to coole the heart, and to put out ſuperfluitie and fumoſitie by cloſing of the lunges. And therefore the lungs be a meane betwéen the heart and the throate, that colde aire breake not ſodainly into the heart: but rather to temper the ayre that is receyued.
Alſo the lunges are the lykeneſſe of a lyttle folde, that kéepeth colde ayre to ſwage great heate of the heart, that is néedefull to make the voyce, and hotte ayre that is néedfull to the heart and to the breath. For without the lungs may no voyce be formed neither breath, as ſayth Ariſtotle li. 13. And for theſe cauſes the fleſh of the lunges is ſofte, and ſmooth, and hollow, to chaunge the eaſelyer ayre into his owne kinde, that the ſpirite of lyfe may ſo paſſe eaſely, into the hollowneſſe of the heart, to kéepe and ſaue the lyfe of a beaſt: and it is generall as Ariſtotle ſaith, that euery breathing beaſt hath lungs, and all beaſtes that goe doth breath, and ſome water beaſts doe breath, as the Dolphin. Alſo euery beaſt which gendreth hath blacke lunges, and much bloud through ye heate of kinde. The lungs of a beaſt, which layeth egges is lyttle and drye, and may ſwell, and is hollow, as ſaith Ariſtotle. And as he ſaith lib. 13. ſome beaſts haue no lungs, but they haue branches in ſtéed of lungs. Alſo lib. 16. he ſaith, that euery beaſt that hath lunges, is hotter than a beaſt that hath no lunges: and a beaſt that hath lunges, hath much bloud in compariſon to a beaſt that hath no lunges. And the lunges be grieued many wayes: Sometime by the reumaticke humor comming to the pipes of ye lungs, and then be diuers paſſions bred, by diuers floating of humours to the principles of the lungs, as Squinancie; tiſike, cough, hoarceneſſe, haſkneſſe of the voyce, and ſuch other. And ſometime by gendring of humours in the woſen and pennis of the lunges: and ſo commeth Tiſike, and other dreadfull paſſions, as it fareth in them, that ſpitte bloude and corrupt matter, as ſayeth Conſtantine.
Alſo ſometime the lungs be grieued by botches in the ſubſtaunce thereof, and that commeth of ſharpneſſe of a humor, which fléeteth to the ſubſtaunce of the lunges and ſuch a paſſion is not lightly cured.[3] For when the ſubſtaunce of the lunges hath botches by the ſharpnes of the humour that commeth thereto, it may not be lyghtly cloſed and cured, for the tenderneſſe and continuall mouing of the lunges.
And ſo then the aire drawen in at the