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CHAPTER LV
MY OFFICIAL PROTEST TO THE TREATY
“I, Liliuokalani of Hawaii, by the will of God named heir apparent on the tenth day of April, a.d. 1877, and by the grace of God Queen of the Hawaiian Islands on the seventeenth day of January, a.d. 1893, do hereby protest against the ratification of a certain treaty, which, so I am informed, has been signed at Washington by Messrs. Hatch, Thurston, and Kinney, purporting to cede those Islands to the territory and dominion of the United States. I declare such a treaty to be an act of wrong toward the native and part-native people of Hawaii, an invasion of the rights of the ruling chiefs, in violation of international rights both toward my people and toward friendly nations with whom they have made treaties, the perpetuation of the fraud whereby the constitutional government was overthrown, and, finally, an act of gross injustice to me.
“Because the official protests made by me on the seventeenth day of January, 1893, to the so-called Provisional Government was signed by me, and received by said government with the assurance that the case was referred to the United States of America for arbitration.
YIELDED TO AVOID BLOODSHED.
"Because that protest and my communications to the United States Government immediately thereafter expressly declare that I yielded my authority to the forces of the United States in order to avoid bloodshed, and because I recognized the futility of a conflict with so formidable a power.
“Because the President of the United States, the Secretary of State, and an envoy commissioned by them reported in official