Page:Sewell Indian chronography.pdf/74
Example.[1]—Required the time of mean Mēsha saṁkrānti by the Original Sūrya Siddhānta of A.D. 299, K.Y. 3400 expired, and of A.D. 300, K.Y. 3401 expired. First K.Y. 3400 expired. Apparent M.S. (Table XXXVIII.A) by First Ārya Siddhānta = March 17th, A.D. 299, Day 76, Friday, at 8 h. 47 m. after mean sunrise. Add śōdhya 2 d. 3 h. 32 m. 30 s. Mean M.S. by Ā.S. = March 19th, Day 78, Sunday, at 12 h. 19 m. For 200 years difference to A.D. 499 deduct 20 m. Answer.—Mean M.S. by Original Sūrya Siddhānta = March 19th, Sunday, Day 78, at 11 h. 59 m. 30 s. To be accurate (see "Hint" No. 20) we must add 30 s., making the time exactly 12 h.
And so for A.D. 300, when (Hint 20) no seconds have to be added to the time given in Table I. for true Mēsha saṁkrānti, which is 15 h. exact.
| d. | w. | h. | m. | s. | |
| Apparent Mēsha saṁk. by Ārya Siddh. A.D. 300 (Table I., cols. 13, 14, 17) | 16 March | 0 | 15 | 0 | |
| Add śōdhya by the Ārya Siddh. | 2 | 2 | 3 | 32 | 30 |
| Mean Mēsha saṁk. by Ārya Siddh. | 18 March | 2 | 18 | 32 | 30 |
| Deduct for 199 years' diff., A.D. 300–499 (Table in text) 10 m. + 9 m. + 54 s. | − | 19 | 54 | ||
| Mean Mēsha saṁk. by Orig. Sū. Siddh. | 18 March | 2 | 18 | 12 | 36 |
(2 = Monday.) Answer.—Mean Mēsha saṁkrānti according to the Original Sūrya Siddhānta took place in A.D. 300, or K.Y. 3401 expired, on Monday, March 18th, at 18 h. 12 m. 36 s. after mean sunrise.
To find the times of beginning and ending of the saṁvatsara by the Orig. Sūrya Siddh., therefore, we use, in the same manner as directed for the corresponding Tables prepared for the other Siddhāntas, Tables XXX. and XXX.A for the currency of the saṁvatsara at mean Mēsha saṁkrānti, and for expunctions of the same; and for the time of occurrence of mean Mēsha saṁkrānti we find from Table XXXVIII.A, or Table I., or by calculation as directed, the time of occurrence of apparent Mēsha saṁkrānti by the First Ārya Siddhānta, convert this to mean Mēsha saṁkrānti by the addition of the śōdhya, and convert the result to mean Mēsha saṁkrānti according to the Original Sūrya Siddhānta by the Table in the text. [Since the above was in type I have added Table XXXVIII.C. to the other Tables. This gives at once the time of mean Mēsha saṁkrānti by the First Ārya Siddhānta for a period of 576 years.]
163. The Brāhma Siddhānta was composed by Brahmagupta in A.D. 628, and was much used for the ensuing four centuries. In A.D. 1042 appeared the Rājamṛigāṅka which introduced a correction to most of the elements of the Brāhma Siddhānta, and shortly after that date the latter in its original form dropped out of use. In its altered condition it continued to be extensively resorted to, and it is not improbable that it was in use in, at least, the central belt of India till a comparatively late date. For all purposes connected with the position of Jupiter in relation to the sun the elements of the Siddhānta Śirōmaṇi, which was written by Bhāskarāchārya in A.D. 1150, are identical with those of the
- ↑ To give another example. In the Indian Antiquary, XIX. (1890), pp. 48, 49, Mr. Sh. B. Dikshit stated, after calculating in a different way, that in A.D. 505 (K.Y. 3606 or Ś. 427, both expired) mean Mēsha saṁkrānti occurred at 48 gh. 9 p. after mean sunrise on Sunday, March 20th, or, in European reckoning, at 19 h. 15 m. 36 s. after mean sunrise, according to the Original Sūrya Siddhānta. Working as laid down in the simple rule given in the text, I obtain after adding to the time of true Mēsha saṁkrānti by the Ārya Siddhānta as given in Table I. the 30 seconds necessary for accurate calculation (see "Hints," No. 20, below)—precisely the same result.