Page:The Journal of geology (IA journalofgeology11893univ).pdf/368
one the cementing material is vein-quartz; in the other the sandstone has been feebly cemented by quartz enlargement.
A movement later than the one which produced the cemented fractured rocks and breccia has broken broad zones of the massive beds of quartzite into lozenge-shaped blocks, the longer axes of which are parallel to the bedding and movement. These later-formed blocks have not been re-cemented by secondary quartz, and the cracks are taken advantage of in quarrying, the fragments being easily picked apart. Thus the rock has been affected by at least two dynamic movements, separated by a considerable interval of time.
The shear-zones, often several feet in width, particularly affect the more finely-laminated layers, which are lean in quartz, while the relief in the more massive layers has resulted in complex fracturing. In the first phase of production of the schist, the irregular fractures pass into rather regular fractures, cutting the beds nearly at right angles. As the action becomes more intense in the more argillaceous beds, the angle of fracture, or cleavage, as it may now fairly be called, becomes more acute, and in the most intense phase this cleaved rock passes in to a well-developed schist, the foilation of which is parallel to the bedding. The phenomena of shearing are here therefore very similar to those at Devil's Lake, except that the process has gone farther.
When studied in thin section, the massive beds of quartzite show more decided effects of dynamic action than at Devil's Lake. However, the major portions of the grains of quartz have distinct cores which are often beautifully enlarged. In some cases nearly every grain has thus grown, perfectly indurating the rock. But, also, nearly every grain of quartz has a wavy extinction, and many of them have been fractured, as mentioned of a few of the quartz grains of the quartzites of the south range. In one case the pressure has been so great as to produce rather numerous roughly parallel lines of fracture. It is thus seen that the dynamic effects are not confined to the schist zones, but are also prominent within the heavy beds of quartzite. This was to