Page:Troja by Heinrich Schliemann.djvu/112
walls by Poseidon may denote that they were built by the Phoenicians.
But this second settlement on the hill of Hissarlik constituted only the Acropolis, to which a Lower City was attached on the east, south, and south-west sides. The existence of this lower city is proved, in the first place, by the wall which runs off in an easterly direction (see B, in the engraving No. 2, p. 24 in Ilios), and which is not slanting, like the fortress-wall of the Acropolis, but is built vertically, and is composed of large unwrought blocks joined with small ones. This fortress-wall runs from the Acropolis in an easterly direction, and consequently cannot belong to the citadel itself. A second proof of the existence of this lower city is the large mass of prehistoric pottery, which, as before mentioned, occurs in the lowest layers of débris on the plateau beneath the hill; for in form, fabric, and material, this pottery is identical with that of the first and second settlements on Hissarlik. As a third reason for the existence of a lower city, I may mention that the Acropolis of the second city had three gates (R C and F M, N F, and O X, on Plan VII.). I lay stress on the fact, that two of these gates must at all events have been in use simultaneously, for if there had been no lower city, considering the proportionately small extent of the citadel, it could have been much more easily defended if there had been only one gate. But a far more important reason still for the existence of a lower city is found in the number and the ground-plan of the edifices situated on the Acropolis, of which there can have been only six, and which are laid out on a grand scale.
As, however, not one of the succeeding cities, until the foundation of the Aeolic Ilium, had a lower city, and as all of them were limited to the former Pergamos, with the exception of the fifth settlement which extended somewhat beyond it (see Chapter IV., § 3), the site of the lower city of the second settlement was left deserted for