Page:United States patent 760463.pdf/2
| No. 760,463. | Patented May 24, 1904. | |
United States Patent Office. Guglielmo Marconi, of London, England, assignor to Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Company, Limited, a corporation of Great Britain.
Wireless Signaling System. Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 760,463, dated May 24, 1904.}} Application filed September 10, 1903. Serial No. 172,617. (No model.) | ||
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, Guglielmo Marconi, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at London, England, have invented certain new and 5useful Improvements in Wireless Signaling Systems, of which the following is a full and true description.
My invention has as its object the provision of means whereby etheric vibrations or Hertzian10 waves or electrical oscillations of high frequency, such as are used in systems of wireless telegraphy or signaling, may be transmitted to greater distances at Smaller cost and by means of less expenditure of electrical energy Hertzian15than has been required in systems previously used.
My invention relates particularly to the aerial or elevated conductor used in connection with such systems for radiating or receiving20 the etheric vibrations or Hertzian waves or electrical oscillations of high frequency. Heretofore it has been the practice to use for this purpose an upright or vertical mast or other support for the aerial conductor with or 25without a capacity area at the top, from which the waves or vibrations are to be radiated or upon which they are to be received. I have found in the use of such apparatus that the distances to which messages can be sent and 30detected depends, for one thing, upon the height to which the conductor is carried. It is not practicable, however, to carry such conductor to a height much greater than two hundred feet on account of the mechanical 35difficulties and the expense involved in erecting and maintaining structures of greater height. I have also found that with an elevated conductor of a given height the distance to which messages may be sent can be increased by 40increasing the electrical energy by means of which the etheric waves are produced. I find, however, that there is a limit beyond which increased electrical energy does not appreciably increase the distance to which 45signals may be sent.
According to my present invention I connect to the vertical elevated conductor which, as shown, is in the form of a wire or rod, one or more members consisting of wires or rods extending therefrom in a lateral or outward50 direction. The vertical portion of the aerial may then if desired, be made comparatively short, and the necessary length and capacity secured by lateral extension. The lateral aerials may extend either in a horizontal plane55 or may be inclined either above or below such a plane. These outwardly-extending members, by reason of their rod or wire form, may be carried for a considerable distance from the upright elevated aerial conductor, and thereby60 greatly extend the distance across which signals may be sent or received without involving serious difficulty in supporting and maintaining the same, and in such case their free ends are preferably supported directly65 from the ground, but insulated from said support and from the ground.
Reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, showing several forms in which my invention may be embodied.70
In the drawings, Figures 1, 2, and 3 are views showing in elevation various forms embodying my invention. Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the form in which my invention is preferably embodied.75
In all of the figures, I represents the upright elevated conductor, to the lower end of which is electrically connected any suitable form of apparatus for producing or detecting the etheric vibrations or Hertzian waves by means80 of which the signals are produced and detected. I have indicated diagrammatically apparatus 4 suitable for receiving and detecting the signals; but it will be understood that this may be replaced by sending apparatus.85
In Fig. 1 I have shown a single outwardly-extending member 2a, which is connected to the vertical member 1 at one end and extends therefrom in a horizontal plane, being supported at its free end by the support 3, which90 rises from the ground, the member 2a being electrically connected with the member 1 and insulated from the support 3.
In Fig. 2 the outwardly-extending members 2b are inclined upward from the horizontal.95 This form is superior to a single vertical conductor which terminates at a point at the same elevation as the free ends of the members 2b;