The Exeter Book (Gollancz-Mackie)/Part 1/A Father's Instruction

[VIII. A FATHER'S INSTRUCTION.]

ÐVs frod fæder    freo-bearn lærde
mods-nottor [mon][1]    maga-cystum eald,
wordum wis-fæstum    þæt he wel þunge·
Dó a þætte duge    deag þin gewyrhtu 4
god þe biþ symle    goda gehwylces
frea and fultum    feond þam' oþrum
wyrsan gewyrhta    wene þec þy betran
efn elne þis    a þenden þu lifge 8
fæder and modor    freo þu mid heortan
maga gehwylcne    gif him sy meotud on lufan·
wes þu þinum yldrum    arfæst symle
fæger-wyrde    and þe in ferðe læt 12
þine lareowas    leofe in mode
þa þec geornast    to gode trymmen·
fæder eft his sunu    frod gegrette
oþre siþe    heald elne þis· 16
ne freme firene    ne næfre freonde þinum
mæge man ne geþafa    þy læs þec meotud oncunne
þæt þu sy wommes gewita    he þe mid wite gieldeð
swylce þam oþrum    mid ead-welan· 20
Ðriddan syþe    þonc-snottor guma
breost-gehygdum    his bearn lærde
Ne gewuna wyrsa    widan feore
ængum eahta,    ac þu þe anne genim 24
to gesprecan symle    spella and lara
ræd-hycgende    sy ymb rice swa hit mæge·
feorþan siþe    fæder eft lærde
mod-leofne magan    þæt he gemunde [80b]þis· 28[  80 b.]
ne aswic sundor-wine    ac a symle geheald
ryhtum gerisnum·    ræfn elne þis
þæt þu næfre fæcne weorð[e][2]    freonde þinum·
fiftan siþe    fæder eft ongon 32
breost-geþoncum    his bearn læran
druncen beorg þe    and dollic word
mán on mode    and in muþe lyge
yrre and æfeste    and idese lufan 36
forðon[3] sceal æwisc-mod    oft siþian
se þe gewiteð    in wifes lufan
fremdre meowlan    þær bið a firena wen
laðlicre scome    long nið wið god 40
geotende gielp    wes þu a giedda wis·
wær wið willan    worda hyrde·
siextan siþe    swæs eft ongon
þurh bliðne geþoht    his bearn læran 44
ongiet georne    hwæt sy gód oþþe yfel
and toscead simle    scearpe mode
in sefan þinum    and þe a þæt selle geceos·
a þe bið gedæled    gif þe deah hyge 48
wunað wisdom in    and þus wast geare
andgit yfles    heald þe elne wið
feorma þu symle    in þinum ferðe gód·
seofeþan siðe    his sunu lærde 52
fæder fród guma    sægde fela geo[n]gum[4]·
seldan snottor guma    sorg-leas blissað
swylce dol seldon    drymeð sorg-ful·
ymb his forð-gesceaft,    nefne he fæhþe wite· 56
wær-wyrde sceal    wisfæst hæle
breostum hycgan    nales breahtme hlud·
eahtoþan siþe    eald fæder ongon
his mago monian    mildum wordum 60
leorna lare    lær-gedefe
wene þec in wisdom    weoruda scyppend
hafa þe to hyhte    haligra gemynd
and a soð to syge    þonne [81a]þu secge hwæt· 64[  81 a.]
nigeþan siþe    nægde se gomola
eald uð-wita    sægde eaforan worn
nis nu fela folca    þætte fyrn-gewritu
healdan wille    ac him hyge brosnað 68
ellen colað    idlað þeod-scype
ne habbað wiht for þæt    þeah hi wom dón
ofer meotudes bibod    monig sceal ongieldan
sawel-susles    ac læt þinne sefan healdan 72
forð fyrn-gewritu[5]    and frean domas
þa þe her on mægðe gehwære    men forlætaþ
swiþor asigan    þonne him sy sylfum ryht·
Teoþan siþe    torn-sorgna ful 76
eald eft ongon    eaforan læran
snyttra bruceþ    þe fore sawle lufan
warnað him wommas    worda and dæda
on sefan symle    and soþ fremeð 80
bið him geofona gehwylc    gode geyced
meahtum spedig·    þonne he mán[6] flyhð
yrre ne læt þe    æfre gewealdan
heah in hreþre    heoro-worda grund 84
wylme bismitan    ac him warnað þæt
on geheortum hyge    hæle sceal wisfæst
and gemetlice    modes snottor
gleaw in gehygdum    georn wisdomes88
swa he wið ælda mæg    eades hleotan·
ne beo þu no to tælende    ne to tweo-spræce
ne þe on mode læt    men to fracoþe,
ac beo leofwende,    leoht on gehygdum 92
ber breost-cofan    swa þu min bearn gemyne
frode fæder lare    and þec a wið firenum geheald :—:⁊

VIII. A FATHER'S INSTRUCTION.

Thus an experienced father, wise of heart,
old in manly virtues, taught his dear son,
with sagacious words, that he might grow up goodly:—

'Do always what is worthy; if thy works be worthy, 4
God will ever be thy patron and support
in each good thing, but a foe unto any other
worse of works. Accustom thyself to the better!
Practise this zealously as long as ever thou livest! 8
Father and mother love thou with all thy heart,
and each of thy kindred, if the Lord be held in love by them.
Be thou to thy parents ever dutiful,
fair of speech, and let thy teachers 12
be dear to thee in thy heart and soul,
who most diligently confirm thee in goodness.'

The wise father addressed his son again,
a second time:—'Observe steadfastly this: 16
neither do thou commit evil, nor approve thou ever
wickedness in thy friend or kinsman, lest the Creator accuse thee,
that thou art accessory to the crime: He will requite thee with punishment,
as He rewardeth the others with joyous bliss.' 20

A third time the man, so wise of thought,
instructed his child with his bosom's thoughts: —
'Associate not, throughout life, with anyone
of worse counsels, but take to thyself always 24
as thy counsellor one prudent in discourse
and in doctrine; as regards his power, be it as it may.'

A fourth time the father again instructed
his beloved child, that he should remember this:—28
'Deceive not thy familiar friend, but always protect him
right fittingly! Strive zealously for this,
that thou be never treacherous to thy friend! '

A fifth time the father then began 32
with his breast's thoughts to teach his child:—
'Guard thyself from drunkenness and foolish words,
from evil in thy heart, and from lying in thy mouth,
from anger and envy, and from woman's love; 36
for he must often wander forth abased in mind,
who yieldeth to the love of woman,
to a strange damsel's love; thence is always expectation of sin,
and loathly shame, long enmity with God, 40
excessive vaunt. Be thou ever wise of speech,
wary 'gainst lust, a guardian of thy words!'

A sixth time the dear father again began,
through kind thought, to teach his son:—44
'Distinguish carefully what is good or evil,
and separate them ever, with clear discernment,
in thy mind, and aye choose for thyself the better thing:
it shall aye be allotted thee. If thy spirit be good, 48
if wisdom dwell therein, and thus thou knowest well
the sense of evil, withstand it boldly!
Cherish thou constantly goodness in thy soul!'

A seventh time the father, the wise man, 52
instructed his son; much said he to the youth:—
'Seldom is a wise man's rejoicing free from care;
e'en as seldom is a fool's revelry troubled with care
concerning the future, unless he experience adversity. 56
Cautious of speech, a prudent mortal
must ponder in his breast, not loud with noise.'

An eighth time the old father began
to admonish thus his son in kindly words:—60
'Learn thou such lore, as is fitting to be learnt;
accustom thyself to wisdom; the Creator of hosts
have thou as thy hope, and the memory of saints;
and truth ever be thy triumph, when thou aught sayest.' 64

A ninth time spake the aged man,
the ancient sage; said he many things unto his offspring:—

'There are not now many folk, who fain observe
the writings of old, but their minds grow corrupt, 68
their ardour cooleth, discipline cometh to nought;
they reck not thereof a whit, though they commit guilt
against the Lord's command; many a one shall pay
with their soul's torment; but do thou let thy heart ever observe 72
the writings of old, and the Lord's decrees,
which here, in every tribe, men suffer
to decline, more than is right for them.
A tenth time, full of grievous cares, 76
the old man again began to teach his son:—
'He useth wisdom, who, for his soul's sake,
guardeth himself in his heart ever
from sins of word and deed, and promoteth truth; 80
to him each gift shall be increased by God,
he shall abound in might, when he fleeth from vice.
Let not anger, the abyss of fierce words,
surging within thy breast, ever overpower thee, 84
defile thee with its welling waves; but a man must guard himself therefrom
in his courageous soul, if he be wise
and temperate, of mind sagacious,
prudent in thoughts, and desirous of wisdom: 88
so may he gain happiness throughout the ages.
Be not too prone to blame, nor too equivocal,
nor admit unto thy mind men too worthless;
but be thou lovable, and blithe of soul; 92
so bear thou thy heart, that thou, my son, remember
thy father's prudent teaching, and hold thee ever against sin!'


  1. [Mon] conjectural.
  2. MS. weorð.
  3. MS. forðon, ðon above the line.
  4. MS. geogum.
  5. MS. fyrn forð gewitru.
  6. MS. món.