Translation:Shulchan Aruch/Orach Chaim/277

1 A candle that lies behind the door – it is forbidden to open the door (in its regular manner) (Rambam, Perek 5; and Mordechai, Perek 22; and Beis Yosef in the name of Smag), lest the wind will blow it out. (However,) to shut the door against it is permitted (Terumat HaDeshen, No. 59). (And the same law is regarding a window that is against the candle that's on the table) (Mordechai, Perek 22; and Beis Yosef in the name of Tosafot; and Tur). And if it is fixed to the wall behind the door, it is forbidden to open and to shut the door in its regular manner, lest the door will knock on it and extinguish it. Rather, one opens and shuts gently. And if it is fixed to the door itself, so that its opening and shutting moves the oil nearer or farther from the wick, it is forbidden to open and to shut it. Gloss: And as for a wax candle, it is permitted to open and to shut even though it is fixed to the door. (Beis Yosef).

2 It is forbidden to open the door against the fire that it is somewhat near the door; and even if there is only a common wind. However, if it was open against it, it is permitted to shut it, and it is not considered extinguishing.

3 One forgot a candle on a board – he tilts the board and it drops – even if it is alight. Just he should not intend to extinguish it. ​Gloss: And it is preferable to use a heathen when it is not that necessary. (Kol Bo). And this is only as long as it is a wax candle or similar, or that it has no oil. But if it has oil, it is not possible that he will not move it closer to the wick, thereby causing a flame to burn. And if he placed it there willingly, it is forbidden to shake it off because the board is a basis (meaning: something that upholds another article. The translation of "and its base" is "and its basis") for the forbidden article. Gloss: And nevertheless, it is permitted to touch the board because one is not moving the candle. And likewise, it is permitted to touch a candelabra that's in the synagogue while the candles are burning on it, as long as it is not moved. (Mordechai, Perek "All Writings").

4 One may place a Shabbos lamp while it is still day on a tree that it burn there during Shabbos because there is no need to be concerned that when it will extinguish he will take it away from there, thus making use of something that it is rooted in the ground. But one may not place a lamp on a tree for use on a festival because he will take it away, thus making use of a tree.

5 It is permitted to overturn a bowl above the lamp on Shabbat so that the flame will not catch on a beam.