éternuer
See also: êtèrnuer
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French esternuer, from Old French esternuer, esternuder, from Latin sternūtāre, frequentative of sternuō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.tɛʁ.nɥe/
Audio: (file) Audio (Switzerland (Valais)): (file) Audio (France (Vosges)): (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Somain)): (file)
Verb
éternuer
- (intransitive) to sneeze
- Synonym: (colloquial) atchoumer
Conjugation
Conjugation of éternuer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | éternuer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | éternuant /e.tɛʁ.nɥɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | éternué /e.tɛʁ.nɥe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | éternue /e.tɛʁ.ny/ |
éternues /e.tɛʁ.ny/ |
éternue /e.tɛʁ.ny/ |
éternuons /e.tɛʁ.nɥɔ̃/ |
éternuez /e.tɛʁ.nɥe/ |
éternuent /e.tɛʁ.ny/ |
| imperfect | éternuais /e.tɛʁ.nɥɛ/ |
éternuais /e.tɛʁ.nɥɛ/ |
éternuait /e.tɛʁ.nɥɛ/ |
éternuions /e.tɛʁ.ny.jɔ̃/ |
éternuiez /e.tɛʁ.ny.je/ |
éternuaient /e.tɛʁ.nɥɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | éternuai /e.tɛʁ.nɥe/ |
éternuas /e.tɛʁ.nɥa/ |
éternua /e.tɛʁ.nɥa/ |
éternuâmes /e.tɛʁ.nɥam/ |
éternuâtes /e.tɛʁ.nɥat/ |
éternuèrent /e.tɛʁ.nɥɛʁ/ | |
| future | éternuerai /e.tɛʁ.ny.ʁe/ |
éternueras /e.tɛʁ.ny.ʁa/ |
éternuera /e.tɛʁ.ny.ʁa/ |
éternuerons /e.tɛʁ.ny.ʁɔ̃/ |
éternuerez /e.tɛʁ.ny.ʁe/ |
éternueront /e.tɛʁ.ny.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | éternuerais /e.tɛʁ.ny.ʁɛ/ |
éternuerais /e.tɛʁ.ny.ʁɛ/ |
éternuerait /e.tɛʁ.ny.ʁɛ/ |
éternuerions /e.tɛʁ.ny.ʁjɔ̃/ |
éternueriez /e.tɛʁ.ny.ʁje/ |
éternueraient /e.tɛʁ.ny.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | éternue /e.tɛʁ.ny/ |
éternues /e.tɛʁ.ny/ |
éternue /e.tɛʁ.ny/ |
éternuions /e.tɛʁ.ny.jɔ̃/ |
éternuiez /e.tɛʁ.ny.je/ |
éternuent /e.tɛʁ.ny/ |
| imperfect2 | éternuasse /e.tɛʁ.nɥas/ |
éternuasses /e.tɛʁ.nɥas/ |
éternuât /e.tɛʁ.nɥa/ |
éternuassions /e.tɛʁ.nɥa.sjɔ̃/ |
éternuassiez /e.tɛʁ.nɥa.sje/ |
éternuassent /e.tɛʁ.nɥas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | éternue /e.tɛʁ.ny/ |
— | éternuons /e.tɛʁ.nɥɔ̃/ |
éternuez /e.tɛʁ.nɥe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “éternuer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.