étourdir
French
Etymology
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *exturdīre, from turdus (“thrush”). Compare Italian stordire.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.tuʁ.diʁ/
Audio (France (Toulouse)): (file) Audio (France (Agen)): (file) Audio (France (Vosges)): (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Somain)): (file)
Verb
étourdir
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of étourdir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | étourdir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | étourdissant /e.tuʁ.di.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | étourdi /e.tuʁ.di/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | étourdis /e.tuʁ.di/ |
étourdis /e.tuʁ.di/ |
étourdit /e.tuʁ.di/ |
étourdissons /e.tuʁ.di.sɔ̃/ |
étourdissez /e.tuʁ.di.se/ |
étourdissent /e.tuʁ.dis/ |
| imperfect | étourdissais /e.tuʁ.di.sɛ/ |
étourdissais /e.tuʁ.di.sɛ/ |
étourdissait /e.tuʁ.di.sɛ/ |
étourdissions /e.tuʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ |
étourdissiez /e.tuʁ.di.sje/ |
étourdissaient /e.tuʁ.di.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | étourdis /e.tuʁ.di/ |
étourdis /e.tuʁ.di/ |
étourdit /e.tuʁ.di/ |
étourdîmes /e.tuʁ.dim/ |
étourdîtes /e.tuʁ.dit/ |
étourdirent /e.tuʁ.diʁ/ | |
| future | étourdirai /e.tuʁ.di.ʁe/ |
étourdiras /e.tuʁ.di.ʁa/ |
étourdira /e.tuʁ.di.ʁa/ |
étourdirons /e.tuʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/ |
étourdirez /e.tuʁ.di.ʁe/ |
étourdiront /e.tuʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | étourdirais /e.tuʁ.di.ʁɛ/ |
étourdirais /e.tuʁ.di.ʁɛ/ |
étourdirait /e.tuʁ.di.ʁɛ/ |
étourdirions /e.tuʁ.di.ʁjɔ̃/ |
étourdiriez /e.tuʁ.di.ʁje/ |
étourdiraient /e.tuʁ.di.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | étourdisse /e.tuʁ.dis/ |
étourdisses /e.tuʁ.dis/ |
étourdisse /e.tuʁ.dis/ |
étourdissions /e.tuʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ |
étourdissiez /e.tuʁ.di.sje/ |
étourdissent /e.tuʁ.dis/ |
| imperfect2 | étourdisse /e.tuʁ.dis/ |
étourdisses /e.tuʁ.dis/ |
étourdît /e.tuʁ.di/ |
étourdissions /e.tuʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ |
étourdissiez /e.tuʁ.di.sje/ |
étourdissent /e.tuʁ.dis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | étourdis /e.tuʁ.di/ |
— | étourdissons /e.tuʁ.di.sɔ̃/ |
étourdissez /e.tuʁ.di.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “étourdir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.