шо
Chechen
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Nakh *šaba. Cognates include Bats შაბაშ (šabaš, “abomasum”) and Ingush шоа (šoa, “abomasum; rennet”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʃuːo̯/
Noun
шо̄ • (šoo) class bd
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | шо̄ (šoo) | шо̄наш (šoonaš) |
| genitive | шо̄нан (šoonan) | шо̄нийн (šooniı̇n) |
| dative | шо̄нна (šoonna) | шо̄нашна (šoonašna) |
| ergative | шо̄но̄ (šoonoo) | шо̄наша (šoonaša) |
| allative | шо̄не̄ (šoonee) | шо̄нашка (šoonaška) |
| instrumental | шо̄нца (šoonca) | шо̄нашца (šoonašca) |
| lative | шо̄нах (šoonax) | шо̄нех (šoonex) |
| comparative | шо̄нал (šoonal) | шо̄нел (šoonel) |
References
- Matsiev, Akhmat G. (1961), Чеченско-русский словарь / Нохчийн-оьрсийн словарь [Chechen-Russian dictionary] (in Russian), Moscow: State Publishing House of Foreign and Ethnicity Dictionaries, page 504
Ingush
Alternative forms
- шу (šu)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Nakh *šu.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʃu/
Pronoun
шо • (šo)
- you (plural)
Declension
| singular | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| exclusive | inclusive | |||||||
| nominative | со (so) | хьо (ḥʳo) | из (iz) | тхо (txo) | вай (vaj) | шо (šo) | уж (už) | |
| genitive | са (sa) | хьа (ḥʳa) | цун (cun) | тха (txa) | вай (vaj) | шун (šun) | ца̄р (caar) | |
| dative | со̄на (soona) | хьо̄на (ḥʳoona) | цунна (cunna) | тхо̄на (txoona) | вайна (vajna) | шоана (šoana) | ца̄рна (caarna) | |
| ergative | а̄з (aaz) | ӏа (ˀa) | цо̄ (coo) | оаха (oaxa) | вай (vaj) | оаш (oaš) | ца̄ра (caara) | |
| allative | со̄га (sooga) | хьо̄га (ḥʳooga) | цунга (cunga) | тхо̄га (txooga) | вайга (vajga) | шуга (šuga) | ца̄рга (caarga) | |
| ablative | со̄гара (soogara) | хьо̄гара (ḥʳoogara) | цунгара (cungara) | тхо̄гара (txoogara) | вайгара (vajgara) | шугара (šugara) | ца̄ргара (caargara) | |
| instrumental | со̄ца (sooca) | хьо̄ца (ḥʳooca) | цунца (cunca) | тхо̄ца (txooca) | вайца (vajca) | шуца (šuca) | ца̄рца (caarca) | |
| lative | сох (sox) | хьох (ḥʳox) | цунах (cunax) | тхох (txox) | вайх (vajx) | шух (šux) | ца̄рех (caarex) | |
| comparative | сол (sol) | хьол (ḥʳol) | цул (cul) | тхол (txol) | вайл (vajl) | шул (šul) | ца̄рел (caarel) | |
References
- Nichols, Johanna B. (2004), “шо”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 554
- Bekova, A. I.; et al. (2009), “шо”, in Ingušsko-russkij slovarʹ [Ingush–Russian Dictionary], Nalchik: Ingušskij NII GN, page 35
Macedonian
Etymology
Conversational form of што (što).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ʃɔ]
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: шо
- Rhymes: -ɔ
Pronoun
шо • (šo)
- (colloquial) what, alternative form of што (što)
- Synonym: (dialectal) шчо (ščo)
- Шо збо́руваш? ― Šo zbóruvaš? ― What are you saying?
- Шо? ― Šo? ― What?
Russian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Distorted form of что (što), possibly influenced by Ukrainian що (ščo).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ʂo]
Audio: (file)
Pronoun
шо • (šo)
- (colloquial, nonstandard, proscribed, Ukraine, Southern Russia) what, alternative form of что (što)
Ukrainian
Etymology
Conversational form of що (ščo). Compare Macedonian шо (šo).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ʃɔ]
Audio: (file)
Pronoun
шо • (šo)
Usage notes
This form is used more often in western and some central dialects of Ukrainian.
Derived terms
- шо́кати (šókaty)
References
- Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “шо”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina