علم

See also: غلم and ع ل م

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ع ل م (ʕ l m)
28 terms

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.li.ma/

Verb

عَلِمَ • (ʕalima) I (non-past يَعْلَمُ (yaʕlamu), verbal noun عِلْم (ʕilm))

(transitive) to know, to have knowledge, to be cognizant, to be aware
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 96:14:
  أَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِأَنَّ اللهَ يَرَى
  ʔalam yaʕlam biʔanna llāha yarā
  Does he not know that Allah sees ˹all˺?
to be informed, to be familiar, to be acquainted
to perceive, to discern, to find out, to learn

Conjugation

Conjugation of **عَلِمَ** (I, sound, i ~ a, impersonal passive (?), verbal noun **عِلْم**)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					عِلْم ʕilm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					عَالِم ʕālim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَعْلُوم maʕlūm
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَلِمْتُ ʕalimtu	عَلِمْتَ ʕalimta	عَلِمَ ʕalima	عَلِمْتُمَا ʕalimtumā	عَلِمَا ʕalimā	عَلِمْنَا ʕalimnā	عَلِمْتُمْ ʕalimtum	عَلِمُوا ʕalimū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عَلِمْتُ ʕalimtu	عَلِمْتِ ʕalimti	عَلِمَتْ ʕalimat	عَلِمْتُمَا ʕalimtumā	عَلِمَتَا ʕalimatā	عَلِمْنَا ʕalimnā	عَلِمْتُنَّ ʕalimtunna	عَلِمْنَ ʕalimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَعْلَمُ ʔaʕlamu	تَعْلَمُ taʕlamu	يَعْلَمُ yaʕlamu	تَعْلَمَانِ taʕlamāni	يَعْلَمَانِ yaʕlamāni	نَعْلَمُ naʕlamu	تَعْلَمُونَ taʕlamūna	يَعْلَمُونَ yaʕlamūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَعْلَمُ ʔaʕlamu	تَعْلَمِينَ taʕlamīna	تَعْلَمُ taʕlamu	تَعْلَمَانِ taʕlamāni	تَعْلَمَانِ taʕlamāni	نَعْلَمُ naʕlamu	تَعْلَمْنَ taʕlamna	يَعْلَمْنَ yaʕlamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَعْلَمَ ʔaʕlama	تَعْلَمَ taʕlama	يَعْلَمَ yaʕlama	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	يَعْلَمَا yaʕlamā	نَعْلَمَ naʕlama	تَعْلَمُوا taʕlamū	يَعْلَمُوا yaʕlamū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَعْلَمَ ʔaʕlama	تَعْلَمِي taʕlamī	تَعْلَمَ taʕlama	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	نَعْلَمَ naʕlama	تَعْلَمْنَ taʕlamna	يَعْلَمْنَ yaʕlamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَعْلَمْ ʔaʕlam	تَعْلَمْ taʕlam	يَعْلَمْ yaʕlam	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	يَعْلَمَا yaʕlamā	نَعْلَمْ naʕlam	تَعْلَمُوا taʕlamū	يَعْلَمُوا yaʕlamū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَعْلَمْ ʔaʕlam	تَعْلَمِي taʕlamī	تَعْلَمْ taʕlam	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	نَعْلَمْ naʕlam	تَعْلَمْنَ taʕlamna	يَعْلَمْنَ yaʕlamna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِعْلَمْ iʕlam		اِعْلَمَا iʕlamā			اِعْلَمُوا iʕlamū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِعْلَمِي iʕlamī		اِعْلَمَا iʕlamā			اِعْلَمْنَ iʕlamna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	عُلِمَ ʕulima	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُعْلَمُ yuʕlamu	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُعْلَمَ yuʕlama	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُعْلَمْ yuʕlam	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕal.la.ma/

Verb

عَلَّمَ • (ʕallama) II (non-past يُعَلِّمُ (yuʕallimu), verbal noun تَعْلِيم (taʕlīm))

(ditransitive) to teach, to instruct, to train, to educate
المعلم يعلم الطلاب الرياضيات.
Al-muʕallim yuʕallimu aṭ-ṭullāb ar-riyāḍiyyāt.
The teacher teaches the students mathematics.
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 26:49:
  إِنَّهُ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَكُمُ السِّحْرَ فَلَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ
  ʔinnahu lakabīrukumu llaḏī ʕallamakumu as-siḥra falasawfa taʕlamūna
  He is indeed your chief who has taught you magic! Soon you will know!
(transitive) to designate, to mark, to earmark

Conjugation

Conjugation of **عَلَّمَ** (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun *تَعْلِيم*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَعْلِيم taʕlīm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُعَلِّم muʕallim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُعَلَّم muʕallam
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَلَّمْتُ ʕallamtu	عَلَّمْتَ ʕallamta	عَلَّمَ ʕallama	عَلَّمْتُمَا ʕallamtumā	عَلَّمَا ʕallamā	عَلَّمْنَا ʕallamnā	عَلَّمْتُمْ ʕallamtum	عَلَّمُوا ʕallamū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عَلَّمْتُ ʕallamtu	عَلَّمْتِ ʕallamti	عَلَّمَتْ ʕallamat	عَلَّمْتُمَا ʕallamtumā	عَلَّمَتَا ʕallamatā	عَلَّمْنَا ʕallamnā	عَلَّمْتُنَّ ʕallamtunna	عَلَّمْنَ ʕallamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَلِّمُ ʔuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمُ tuʕallimu	يُعَلِّمُ yuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمَانِ tuʕallimāni	يُعَلِّمَانِ yuʕallimāni	نُعَلِّمُ nuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمُونَ tuʕallimūna	يُعَلِّمُونَ yuʕallimūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُعَلِّمُ ʔuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمِينَ tuʕallimīna	تُعَلِّمُ tuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمَانِ tuʕallimāni	تُعَلِّمَانِ tuʕallimāni	نُعَلِّمُ nuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمْنَ tuʕallimna	يُعَلِّمْنَ yuʕallimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَلِّمَ ʔuʕallima	تُعَلِّمَ tuʕallima	يُعَلِّمَ yuʕallima	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	يُعَلِّمَا yuʕallimā	نُعَلِّمَ nuʕallima	تُعَلِّمُوا tuʕallimū	يُعَلِّمُوا yuʕallimū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُعَلِّمَ ʔuʕallima	تُعَلِّمِي tuʕallimī	تُعَلِّمَ tuʕallima	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	نُعَلِّمَ nuʕallima	تُعَلِّمْنَ tuʕallimna	يُعَلِّمْنَ yuʕallimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَلِّمْ ʔuʕallim	تُعَلِّمْ tuʕallim	يُعَلِّمْ yuʕallim	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	يُعَلِّمَا yuʕallimā	نُعَلِّمْ nuʕallim	تُعَلِّمُوا tuʕallimū	يُعَلِّمُوا yuʕallimū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُعَلِّمْ ʔuʕallim	تُعَلِّمِي tuʕallimī	تُعَلِّمْ tuʕallim	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	نُعَلِّمْ nuʕallim	تُعَلِّمْنَ tuʕallimna	يُعَلِّمْنَ yuʕallimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		عَلِّمْ ʕallim		عَلِّمَا ʕallimā			عَلِّمُوا ʕallimū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		عَلِّمِي ʕallimī		عَلِّمَا ʕallimā			عَلِّمْنَ ʕallimna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُلِّمْتُ ʕullimtu	عُلِّمْتَ ʕullimta	عُلِّمَ ʕullima	عُلِّمْتُمَا ʕullimtumā	عُلِّمَا ʕullimā	عُلِّمْنَا ʕullimnā	عُلِّمْتُمْ ʕullimtum	عُلِّمُوا ʕullimū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عُلِّمْتُ ʕullimtu	عُلِّمْتِ ʕullimti	عُلِّمَتْ ʕullimat	عُلِّمْتُمَا ʕullimtumā	عُلِّمَتَا ʕullimatā	عُلِّمْنَا ʕullimnā	عُلِّمْتُنَّ ʕullimtunna	عُلِّمْنَ ʕullimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَلَّمُ ʔuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمُ tuʕallamu	يُعَلَّمُ yuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمَانِ tuʕallamāni	يُعَلَّمَانِ yuʕallamāni	نُعَلَّمُ nuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمُونَ tuʕallamūna	يُعَلَّمُونَ yuʕallamūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُعَلَّمُ ʔuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمِينَ tuʕallamīna	تُعَلَّمُ tuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمَانِ tuʕallamāni	تُعَلَّمَانِ tuʕallamāni	نُعَلَّمُ nuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمْنَ tuʕallamna	يُعَلَّمْنَ yuʕallamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَلَّمَ ʔuʕallama	تُعَلَّمَ tuʕallama	يُعَلَّمَ yuʕallama	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	يُعَلَّمَا yuʕallamā	نُعَلَّمَ nuʕallama	تُعَلَّمُوا tuʕallamū	يُعَلَّمُوا yuʕallamū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُعَلَّمَ ʔuʕallama	تُعَلَّمِي tuʕallamī	تُعَلَّمَ tuʕallama	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	نُعَلَّمَ nuʕallama	تُعَلَّمْنَ tuʕallamna	يُعَلَّمْنَ yuʕallamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَلَّمْ ʔuʕallam	تُعَلَّمْ tuʕallam	يُعَلَّمْ yuʕallam	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	يُعَلَّمَا yuʕallamā	نُعَلَّمْ nuʕallam	تُعَلَّمُوا tuʕallamū	يُعَلَّمُوا yuʕallamū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُعَلَّمْ ʔuʕallam	تُعَلَّمِي tuʕallamī	تُعَلَّمْ tuʕallam	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	نُعَلَّمْ nuʕallam	تُعَلَّمْنَ tuʕallamna	يُعَلَّمْنَ yuʕallamna

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕilm/
ʿilm: (file)

Noun

عِلْم • (ʕilm) m (plural عُلُوم (ʕulūm))

verbal noun of عَلِمَ (ʕalima) (form I)
knowledge, learning, lore
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:معرفة
cognition, acquaintance
information
perception, knowledge
(plural عُلُوم (ʕulūm)) science
الْعُلُوم ― al-ʕulūm ― the natural sciences

Declension

Declension of noun **عِلْم** (ʕilm)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عِلْم ʕilm	الْعِلْم al-ʕilm	عِلْم ʕilm
nominative	عِلْمٌ ʕilmun	الْعِلْمُ al-ʕilmu	عِلْمُ ʕilmu
accusative	عِلْمًا ʕilman	الْعِلْمَ al-ʕilma	عِلْمَ ʕilma
genitive	عِلْمٍ ʕilmin	الْعِلْمِ al-ʕilmi	عِلْمِ ʕilmi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عِلْمَيْن ʕilmayn	الْعِلْمَيْن al-ʕilmayn	عِلْمَيْ ʕilmay
nominative	عِلْمَانِ ʕilmāni	الْعِلْمَانِ al-ʕilmāni	عِلْمَا ʕilmā
accusative	عِلْمَيْنِ ʕilmayni	الْعِلْمَيْنِ al-ʕilmayni	عِلْمَيْ ʕilmay
genitive	عِلْمَيْنِ ʕilmayni	الْعِلْمَيْنِ al-ʕilmayni	عِلْمَيْ ʕilmay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عُلُوم ʕulūm	الْعُلُوم al-ʕulūm	عُلُوم ʕulūm
nominative	عُلُومٌ ʕulūmun	الْعُلُومُ al-ʕulūmu	عُلُومُ ʕulūmu
accusative	عُلُومًا ʕulūman	الْعُلُومَ al-ʕulūma	عُلُومَ ʕulūma
genitive	عُلُومٍ ʕulūmin	الْعُلُومِ al-ʕulūmi	عُلُومِ ʕulūmi

Hyponyms

(knowledge): عِلْمُ الْحَاسُوبْ (ʕilmu l-ḥāsūb)

Descendants

Maltese: għelm
→ Avar: гӏелму (ʻelmu)
→ Azerbaijani: elm
→ Bashkir: ғилем (ğilem)
→ Bengali: এলেম (elem)
→ Chechen: ӏилм (ˀilm), ӏилма (ˀilma)
→ Crimean Tatar: илим, ilim
→ Hindi: इल्म (ilm)
→ Indonesian: ilmu
→ Javanese: èlmu
→ Karachay-Balkar: илму (ilmu)
→ Kazakh: ғылым (ğylym)
→ Kumyk: илму (ilmu)
→ Kyrgyz: илим (ilim)
→ Lezgi: илим (ilim)
→ Malay: ilmu
→ Nogai: илми (ilmi)
→ Ottoman Turkish: علم (ʿilm, ʿilim)
- > Turkish: ilim (inherited)
→ Punjabi: ਇਲਮ (ilam), عِلْم (ʻilm)
→ Persian: عِلْم ('elm)
- → Gujarati: અલમ (alam)
→ Swahili: elimu
→ Turkmen: ylym
→ Tatar: гыйлем (ğıylem), ğilem
→ Urdu: عِلْم ('ilm)
→ Uyghur: ئىلىم (ilim)
→ Uzbek: ilm

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.lam/

Noun

عَلَم • (ʕalam) m (plural أَعْلَام (ʔaʕlām))

sign, token, mark, badge
harelip
road sign, guidepost
flag, banner
authority, luminary, star, personage, distinguished man
a mountain
أَشْهَرُ مِنْ نَارٍ عَلَى عَلَم
ʔašharu min nārin ʕalā ʕalam
very famous
(literally, “more famous than a fire on a mountain”)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 42:32:
  وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ ٱلْجَوَارِ فِي ٱلْبَحْرِ كَٱلْأَعْلَامِ
  wamin ʔāyātihi l-jawāri fī l-baḥri kal-ʔaʕlāmi
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(grammar, linguistics) proper noun

Declension

Declension of noun **عَلَم** (ʕalam)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عَلَم ʕalam	الْعَلَم al-ʕalam	عَلَم ʕalam
nominative	عَلَمٌ ʕalamun	الْعَلَمُ al-ʕalamu	عَلَمُ ʕalamu
accusative	عَلَمًا ʕalaman	الْعَلَمَ al-ʕalama	عَلَمَ ʕalama
genitive	عَلَمٍ ʕalamin	الْعَلَمِ al-ʕalami	عَلَمِ ʕalami
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عَلَمَيْن ʕalamayn	الْعَلَمَيْن al-ʕalamayn	عَلَمَيْ ʕalamay
nominative	عَلَمَانِ ʕalamāni	الْعَلَمَانِ al-ʕalamāni	عَلَمَا ʕalamā
accusative	عَلَمَيْنِ ʕalamayni	الْعَلَمَيْنِ al-ʕalamayni	عَلَمَيْ ʕalamay
genitive	عَلَمَيْنِ ʕalamayni	الْعَلَمَيْنِ al-ʕalamayni	عَلَمَيْ ʕalamay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَعْلَام ʔaʕlām	الْأَعْلَام al-ʔaʕlām	أَعْلَام ʔaʕlām
nominative	أَعْلَامٌ ʔaʕlāmun	الْأَعْلَامُ al-ʔaʕlāmu	أَعْلَامُ ʔaʕlāmu
accusative	أَعْلَامًا ʔaʕlāman	الْأَعْلَامَ al-ʔaʕlāma	أَعْلَامَ ʔaʕlāma
genitive	أَعْلَامٍ ʔaʕlāmin	الْأَعْلَامِ al-ʔaʕlāmi	أَعْلَامِ ʔaʕlāmi

Descendants

Maltese: għelm
→ Georgian: ალამი (alami)
→ Hindi: अलम (alam)
→ Ottoman Turkish: عَلَم (ʿalam, ʿalem)
- > Turkish: alem (inherited)
→ Urdu: عَلَم ('alam)

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕaː.lam/

Noun

عٰلَم • (ʕālam) m

Classical Arabic form of عَالَم (ʕālam)

References

Wehr, Hans (1979), “علم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Gulf Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕələm/

Noun

عَلَم • (ʕalam) m (before il- عَلَم (ʕalam), plural اَعْلام (aʕlām))

flag, banner, standard

Etymology 2

From Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕɪlm/

Noun

عِلْم • (ʕilm) m (plural عُلوم (ʕulūm))

science, knowledge

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Noun

علم • (ʿilm) (definite accusative علمی (ʿilmi), plural علوم (ʿülûm))

knowledge, notice, information
knowledge, study, science

Declension

Declension of علم (ʿilm)

	singular	plural
nominative	علم (ʿilm)	علوم (ʿülûm)
definite accusative	علمی (ʿilmi)	علومی (ʿülûmu)
dative	علمه (ʿilme)	علومه (ʿülûma)
locative	علمده (ʿilmde)	علومده (ʿülûmda)
ablative	علمدن (ʿilmden)	علومدن (ʿülûmdan)
genitive	علمك (ʿilmiñ)	علومك (ʿülûmuñ)

Possessive forms
1st person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	علمم (ʿilmim)	علومم (ʿülûmum)
definite accusative	علممی (ʿilmimi)	علوممی (ʿülûmumu)
dative	علممه (ʿilmime)	علوممه (ʿülûmuma)
locative	علممده (ʿilmimde)	علوممده (ʿülûmumda)
ablative	علممدن (ʿilmimden)	علوممدن (ʿülûmumdan)
genitive	علممك (ʿilmimiñ)	علوممك (ʿülûmumuñ)
2nd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	علمك (ʿilmiñ)	علومك (ʿülûmuñ)
definite accusative	علمكی (ʿilmiñi)	علومكی (ʿülûmuñu)
dative	علمكه (ʿilmiñe)	علومكه (ʿülûmuña)
locative	علمكده (ʿilmiñde)	علومكده (ʿülûmuñda)
ablative	علمكدن (ʿilmiñden)	علومكدن (ʿülûmuñdan)
genitive	علمكك (ʿilmiñiñ)	علومكك (ʿülûmuñuñ)
3rd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	علمی (ʿilmi)	علومی (ʿülûmu)
definite accusative	علمنی (ʿilmini)	علومنی (ʿülûmunu)
dative	علمنه (ʿilmine)	علومنه (ʿülûmuna)
locative	علمنده (ʿilminde)	علومنده (ʿülûmunda)
ablative	علمندن (ʿilminden)	علومندن (ʿülûmundan)
genitive	علمنك (ʿilminiñ)	علومنك (ʿülûmunuñ)
1st person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	علممز (ʿilmimiz)	علوممز (ʿülûmumuz)
definite accusative	علممزی (ʿilmimizi)	علوممزی (ʿülûmumuzu)
dative	علممزه (ʿilmimize)	علوممزه (ʿülûmumuza)
locative	علممزده (ʿilmimizde)	علوممزده (ʿülûmumuzda)
ablative	علممزدن (ʿilmimizden)	علوممزدن (ʿülûmumuzdan)
genitive	علممزك (ʿilmimiziñ)	علوممزك (ʿülûmumuzuñ)
2nd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	علمكز (ʿilmiñiz)	علومكز (ʿülûmuñuz)
definite accusative	علمكزی (ʿilmiñizi)	علومكزی (ʿülûmuñuzu)
dative	علمكزه (ʿilmiñize)	علومكزه (ʿülûmuñuza)
locative	علمكزده (ʿilmiñizde)	علومكزده (ʿülûmuñuzda)
ablative	علمكزدن (ʿilmiñizden)	علومكزدن (ʿülûmuñuzdan)
genitive	علمكزك (ʿilmiñiziñ)	علومكزك (ʿülûmuñuzuñ)
3rd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	علملری (ʿilmleri)	علوملری (ʿülûmları)
definite accusative	علملرینی (ʿilmlerini)	علوملرینی (ʿülûmlarını)
dative	علملرینه (ʿilmlerine)	علوملرینه (ʿülûmlarına)
locative	علملرنده (ʿilmlerinde)	علوملرنده (ʿülûmlarında)
ablative	علملرندن (ʿilmlerinden)	علوملرندن (ʿülûmlarından)
genitive	علملرینك (ʿilmleriniñ)	علوملرینك (ʿülûmlarınıñ)

Derived terms

علم آخرت (ʿilm-i âhiret, “escatology”)
علم اخلاق (ʿilm-i ahlâḳ, “ethics”)
علم ادیان (ʿilm-i edyân, “theology”)
علم اشتقاق (ʿilm-i iştiḳâḳ, “etymology”)
علم اصول (ʿilm-i usûl, “methodology”)
علم اعلی (ʿilm-i aʿlâ, “metaphysics”)
علم امراض (ʿilm-i emrâz, “pathology”)
علم بشر (ʿilm-i beşer, “anthropology”)
علم جمالات (ʿilm-i cemâlât, “aesthetics”)
علم حال (ʿilm-i hâl, “catechism”)
علم عرض (ʿilm-i ʿarz, “geology”)
علم علائم جویه (ʿilm-i ʿalâʿim-i cevviye, “meteorology”)
علم لسان (ʿilm-i lisân, “linguistics”)
علم نجوم (ʿilm-i nücûm, “astrology”)
علم هیئت (ʿilm-i heyʿet, “astronomy”)
علمی (ʿilmî, “of or pertaining to science”)
علمیت (ʿilmiyyet, “the quality of science”)

Related terms

Ottoman Turkish terms derived from the Arabic root ع ل م (0 c, 6 e)

Descendants

Turkish: ilim

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʔilm/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪlm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪlm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔilm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔelm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔilm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	ilm
Dari reading^?	ilm
Iranian reading^?	elm
Tajik reading^?	ilm

Noun

علم • (ilm / elm) (plural علوم (ulūm / olum), Tajik spelling илм)

science (knowledge via the scientific method)
knowledge, science
Synonym: دانش (dāniš / dâneš)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3461:
  بینی اندر دل علوم انبیا / بی‌کتاب و بی‌معید و اوستا
  bīnī andar dil ulūm-i anbiyā / bē-kitāb u bē-mu'īd u ūstā
  And behold within thy heart [all] the sciences of the prophets, without book and without preceptor and master.
  (Classical Persian transliteration)

Derived terms

شبه‌علم (šaba-ilm / šabe-elm, “pseudoscience”)
علمی (ilmī / elmi, “scientific”)

Related terms

Persian terms derived from the Arabic root ع ل م (0 c, 12 e)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔa.ˈlam/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lám]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lám]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lám]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæ.lǽm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lám]

Readings
Classical reading^?	alam
Dari reading^?	alam
Iranian reading^?	alam
Tajik reading^?	alam

Noun

علم • (alam) (plural علم‌ها (alam-hā / alam-hâ), Tajik spelling алам)

Synonyms

پرچم (parčam / parčam)
درفش (darafš / derafš)
نشان (nišān / nešân)

Descendants

→ Gujarati: અલમ (alam)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ع ل م
7 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَلَّمَ (ʕallama).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕal.lam/, [ˈʕal.lam]
Audio (al-Lidd): (file)

Verb

علّم • (ʕallam) II (present بعلّم (biʕallem))

to teach

Conjugation

Conjugation of **علم**
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	علّمت (ʕallamt)	علّمت (ʕallamt)	علّم (ʕallam)	علّمنا (ʕallamna)	علّمتو (ʕallamtu)	علّمو (ʕallamu)
past	f	علّمت (ʕallamt)	علّمتي (ʕallamti)	علّمت (ʕallamat)	علّمنا (ʕallamna)	علّمتو (ʕallamtu)	علّمو (ʕallamu)
present	m	بعلّم (baʕallim)	بتعلّم (bitʕallim)	بعلّم (biʕallim)	منعلّم (minʕallim)	بتعلّمو (bitʕallmu)	بعلّمو (biʕallmu)
present	f	بعلّم (baʕallim)	بتعلّمي (bitʕallmi)	بتعلّم (bitʕallim)	منعلّم (minʕallim)	بتعلّمو (bitʕallmu)	بعلّمو (biʕallmu)
subjunctive	m	اعلّم (aʕallim)	تعلّم (tʕallim)	يعلّم (yʕallim)	نعلّم (nʕallim)	تعلّمو (tʕallmu)	يعلّمو (yʕallmu)
subjunctive	f	اعلّم (aʕallim)	تعلّمي (tʕallmi)	تعلّم (tʕallim)	نعلّم (nʕallim)	تعلّمو (tʕallmu)	يعلّمو (yʕallmu)
imperative	m		علّم (ʕallim)			علّمو (ʕallmu)
imperative	f		علّمي (ʕallmi)			علّمو (ʕallmu)

Etymology 2

From Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕilm/, [ˈʕɪ.l(ɪ)m]
Audio (Ramallah): (file)

Noun

علم • (ʕilm) m (plural علوم (ʕulūm))

knowledge, science
Synonym: معرفة (maʕrife)

على علمي ― ʕala ʕilmi ― as far as I know

Etymology 3

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.lam/, [ˈʕa.lam]
Audio (Ramallah): (file)

Noun

علم • (ʕalam) m (plural أعلام (ʾaʕlām))

flag

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɪlm/

Noun

عِلْم • ('ilm) m (Hindi spelling इल्म)

knowledge, learning
Synonym: دانش (dāniś)
science
Synonym: سائنس (sāins)
literature
Synonym: ادب (adab)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ə.ləm/

Noun

عَلَم • ('alam) m (Hindi spelling अलम)

Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Hyponyms

Descendants

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Gulf Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Further reading

Persian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Related terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Descendants

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

Urdu

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun