ܓܫܘܫܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
Etymology
| Root |
|---|
| ܓ ܫ ܫ (g š š) |
| 3 terms |
Inherited from Aramaic גָּשׁוֹשָׁא (gāšōšā), as a phono-semantic matching of Proto-Iranian *gáwšah (“ear”) through the verb ܓܵܝܹܫ (gāyēš, “to touch”); hence also the verb ܡܓܲܫܸܩ (mgaššiq, “to stare”), Imperial Aramaic 𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀 (gwškʾ /*gōšakā/, “a Persian official: spy”) and Old Armenian գուշակ (gušak, “spy”). Also present in Hebrew גָּשׁוֹשׁ (gashósh) and borrowed into Arabic جَاسُوس (jāsūs) via Classical Syriac.
Pronunciation
Noun
ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ • (gāšōšā) m sg (plural ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ (gāšōšē), feminine ܓܵܫܘܿܫܬܵܐ (gāšōštā))
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | |||||||
| singular | absolute | ܓܵܫܘܿܫ (gāšōš) | 1st person | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܝܼ (gāšōšī) | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܢ (gāšōšan) | |||
| construct | ܓܵܫܘܿܫ (gāšōš) | 2nd person | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼܟ݂ (gāšōšōḵ) | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܟ݂ܝ (gāšōšāḵ) | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (gāšōšawḵōn) | |||
| emphatic | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ (gāšōšā) | 3rd person | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹܗ (gāšōšēh) | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܗ̇ (gāšōšāh) | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܗܘܿܢ (gāšōšhōn) | |||
| plural | absolute | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܝܼ̈ܢ (gāšōšīn) | 1st person | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܝܼ̈ (gāšōšī) | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܢ̈ (gāšōšan) | |||
| construct | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܝ̈ (gāšōšay) | 2nd person | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (gāšōšōḵ) | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (gāšōšāḵ) | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (gāšōšawḵōn) | |||
| emphatic | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ (gāšōšē) | 3rd person | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼ̈ܗܝ (gāšōšūh) | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (gāšōšōh) | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (gāšōšayhōn) | |||
Derived terms
- ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (gāšōšūṯā)
Classical Syriac
Etymology
| Root |
|---|
| ܓ ܫ ܫ |
| 2 terms |
Compare Hebrew גָּשׁוֹשׁ (gāšṓš). The meanings related to “spying” likely originate from a Middle Iranian descendant of Proto-Iranian *gáwšah (“ear”). Compare Imperial Aramaic 𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀 (gwškʾ /*gōšakā/, “a Persian official: spy”), Old Armenian գուշակ (gušak, “spy”), and Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn, “spy”, literally “eye”), which illustrate a common pattern where terms for body parts, especially those related to perception, are transferred to refer to spies.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɡɑʃoʃɑ] (singular)
- IPA(key): [ɡɑʃoʃe] (plural)
Noun
ܓܫܘܫܐ • (gāšōšā) m (plural ܓܫܘܫܐ (gāšōšē), singular feminine counterpart ܓܫܘܫܬܐ (gāšōštā))
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | m | f | |||||
| singular | absolute | ܓܫܘܫ | 1st person | ܓܫܘܫܝ | ܓܫܘܫܢ | |||
| construct | ܓܫܘܫ | 2nd person | ܓܫܘܫܟ | ܓܫܘܫܟܝ | ܓܫܘܫܟܘܢ | ܓܫܘܫܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܓܫܘܫܐ | 3rd person | ܓܫܘܫܗ | ܓܫܘܫܗ | ܓܫܘܫܗܘܢ | ܓܫܘܫܗܝܢ | ||
| plural | absolute | ܓܫܘܫܝܢ | 1st person | ܓܫܘܫܝ | ܓܫܘܫܝܢ | |||
| construct | ܓܫܘܫܝ | 2nd person | ܓܫܘܫܝܟ | ܓܫܘܫܝܟܝ | ܓܫܘܫܝܟܘܢ | ܓܫܘܫܝܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܓܫܘܫܐ | 3rd person | ܓܫܘܫܘܗܝ | ܓܫܘܫܝܗ | ܓܫܘܫܝܗܘܢ | ܓܫܘܫܝܗܝܢ | ||
Derived terms
- ܓܫܘܫܘܬܐ (gāšōšūṯā)
Descendants
- → Arabic: جَاسُوس (jāsūs) (see there for further descendants)
References
- “gšwš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Asatrian, Mushegh (2006), “Iranian Elements in Arabic: The State of Research”, in Iran and the Caucasus[1], volume 10, number 1, page 87
- Costaz, Louis (2002), Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 55a
- Payne Smith, Jessie (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 79b
- Sokoloff, Michael (2009), A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 264b–265a