अदस्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- অদস্ (Assamese script)
- ᬅᬤᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
- অদস্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰀𑰟𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀅𑀤𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- အဒသ် (Burmese script)
- અદસ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਅਦਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌅𑌦𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦢꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂃𑂠𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಅದಸ್ (Kannada script)
- អទស៑ (Khmer script)
- ອທສ຺ (Lao script)
- അദസ് (Malayalam script)
- ᠠᡩᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
- 𑘀𑘟𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠠᢑᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦠𑦿𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐀𑐡𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଅଦସ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢂꢣꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆃𑆢𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖀𑖟𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
- අදස් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩭𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚀𑚛𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
- அத³ஸ் (Tamil script)
- అదస్ (Telugu script)
- อทสฺ (Thai script)
- ཨ་ད་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒁𑒠𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨛𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
- The neuter nom./acc.sg. अदस् (adás) is considered to be a hypercorrection for earlier अदो (adó).[1][2] Dunkel derives this from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ed (nom./acc.sg.n. of *(h₁)e-) + *éw (full grade of *u (“there”)).[3] Compare perhaps Prasuni alek, alëk.
- The masculine/feminine nom.sg. असौ (asáu) is derived by Dunkel from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)os (possibly continued in Old Avestan 𐬇 (ə̄) and Hittite [script needed] (-aš), the latter also both masculine and feminine) + the same *éw as for अदो (adó). The final -औ (-au) (instead of -ओ (-o)) would have been influenced by the common nominatives द्यौस् (dyáus) and गौस् (gáus).[3] Alternatively, Lubotsky reconstructs Proto-Indo-Iranian *Ha-sa(H)-au, with *sa(H)-au (derived from *só) being continued in Younger Avestan 𐬵𐬁𐬎 (hāu).[2]
- The stem अमु (amu) is interpreted by Dunkel and Mayrhofer as a backformation from the acc.sg.m. अमुम् (amúm), derived from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)em (acc.sg.m. of *(h₁)e-) + *u (“there”) + a hypercharacterizing *-m (acc. ending).[3][4] A form like nom.pl.m. अमी (amī́) would have come from *amú-i.[4][5]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐ.dɐ́s/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɐ.d̪ɐs̪/
Pronoun
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | असौ (asáu) | अमू (amū́) | अमी (amī́) |
| accusative | अमुम् (amúm) | अमू (amū́) | अमून् (amū́n) |
| instrumental | अमुना (amúnā) | अमूभ्याम् (amū́bhyām) | अमीभिः (amī́bhiḥ) |
| dative | अमुष्मै (amúṣmai) | अमूभ्याम् (amū́bhyām) | अमीभ्यः (amī́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अमुष्मात् (amúṣmāt) | अमूभ्याम् (amū́bhyām) | अमीभ्यः (amī́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अमुष्य (amúṣya) | अमुयोः (amúyoḥ) | अमीषाम् (amī́ṣām) |
| locative | अमुष्मिन् (amúṣmin) | अमुयोः (amúyoḥ) | अमीषु (amī́ṣu) |
| vocative | असौ (ásau) | अमू (ámū) | अमी (ámī) |
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | असौ (asáu) | अमू (amū́) | अमूः (amū́ḥ) |
| accusative | अमूम् (amū́m) | अमू (amū́) | अमूः (amū́ḥ) |
| instrumental | अमुया (amúyā) | अमूभ्याम् (amū́bhyām) | अमूभिः (amū́bhiḥ) |
| dative | अमुष्यै (amúṣyai) | अमूभ्याम् (amū́bhyām) | अमूभ्यः (amū́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अमुष्याः (amúṣyāḥ) | अमूभ्याम् (amū́bhyām) | अमूभ्यः (amū́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अमुष्याः (amúṣyāḥ) | अमुयोः (amúyoḥ) | अमूषाम् (amū́ṣām) |
| locative | अमुष्याम् (amúṣyām) | अमुयोः (amúyoḥ) | अमूषु (amū́ṣu) |
| vocative | असौ (ásau) | अमू (ámū) | अमूः (ámūḥ) |
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अदः (adáḥ) | अमू (amū́) | अमूनि (amū́ni) अमू¹ (amū́¹) |
| accusative | अदः (adáḥ) | अमू (amū́) | अमूनि (amū́ni) अमू¹ (amū́¹) |
| instrumental | अमुना (amúnā) | अमूभ्याम् (amū́bhyām) | अमीभिः (amī́bhiḥ) |
| dative | अमुष्मै (amúṣmai) | अमूभ्याम् (amū́bhyām) | अमीभ्यः (amī́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अमुष्मात् (amúṣmāt) | अमूभ्याम् (amū́bhyām) | अमीभ्यः (amī́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अमुष्य (amúṣya) | अमुयोः (amúyoḥ) | अमीषाम् (amī́ṣām) |
| locative | अमुष्मिन् (amúṣmin) | अमुयोः (amúyoḥ) | अमीषु (amī́ṣu) |
| vocative | अदः (ádaḥ) | अमू (ámū) | अमूनि (ámūni) अमू¹ (ámū¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- अदोमय (adomáya, “made of that”)
- अदोमूल (adomūla, “rooted in that”)
Adverb
अदस् • (adás)[2]
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “adás”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 62
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “adás”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 9
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 191-2
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “amú-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 98-99
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “amú-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 26-27
- ^ Monier Williams (1899), “अदस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 18, column 1.
- ^ William Dwight Whitney (1889), Sanskrit Grammar[3], § 501, pages 191-3
Further reading
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025), “adas”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “अदस्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan