एन
See also: एना
Khaling
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
एन (en) (plural)
References
- “एन”, in खालिङ - नेपाली - अङ्ग्रेजी शब्दकोश (Khaling - Nepali - English Dictionary), Nepal: SIL International, 2016.
Kurukh
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *yĀn.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /eːn/
Pronoun
एन (ēn)
- I (first person singular personal pronoun)
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Adjective
एन
- Devanagari script form of ena (“this”)
Declension
Declension table of "एन" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं (enaṃ) |
Declension table of "एना" (feminine)
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं (enaṃ) |
Declension table of "एन" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं (enaṃ) |
Pronoun
एन m
- Devanagari script form of ena (“this”)
Declension
Declension table of "एन" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं (enaṃ) |
Pronoun
एन n
- Devanagari script form of ena (“this”)
Declension
Declension table of "एन" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं (enaṃ) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- এন (Assamese script)
- ᬏᬦ (Balinese script)
- এন (Bengali script)
- 𑰊𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀏𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- ဧန (Burmese script)
- એન (Gujarati script)
- ਏਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌏𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦌꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂉𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಏನ (Kannada script)
- ឯន (Khmer script)
- ເອນ (Lao script)
- ഏന (Malayalam script)
- ᡝᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘊𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᠧᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦪𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐊𑐣 (Newa script)
- ଏନ (Odia script)
- ꢍꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆍𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖊𑖡 (Siddham script)
- එන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩔𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚆𑚝 (Takri script)
- ஏந (Tamil script)
- ఏన (Telugu script)
- เอน (Thai script)
- ཨེ་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒋𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨄𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Uncertain. Most likely formed within Indo-Aryan, as there are no Indo-Iranian cognates.[1] The traditional derivation[2] from Proto-Indo-European *óynos, i.e. from indefinite numeral one to definite, anaphoric he, is semantically unlikely.
More probable is a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *éy (just like अयम् (ayám), एष (eṣá)/एतद् (etát)) and the distal deictic pronoun *énοs, which is also contained in pronouns in other languages, like Hittite [script needed] (anniš, “that”), Ancient Greek ἐκεῖνος (ekeînos, “that”), Icelandic hann (“he”), and English yon.[3]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐj.nɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /eː.n̪ɐ/
Pronoun
एन • (ena)
Usage notes
This pronoun is usually enclitic and should not begin a sentence. It is also only found in a limited number of cases and forms a suppletive paradigm with the enclitic forms of अ (a) given at इदम् (idám), e.g. gen.sg.m./n. अस्य (asya).[1]
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | - | - | - |
| accusative | एनम् (enam) | एनौ (enau) एना¹ (enā¹) |
एनान् (enān) |
| instrumental | एनेन (enena) एना² (enā²) |
- | - |
| dative | - | - | - |
| ablative | - | - | - |
| genitive | - | एनयोः (enayoḥ) एनोः² (enoḥ²) |
- |
| locative | - | एनयोः (enayoḥ) एनोः² (enoḥ²) |
- |
| vocative | - | - | - |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Rigvedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | - | - | - |
| accusative | एनाम् (enām) | एने (ene) | एनाः (enāḥ) |
| instrumental | एनया (enayā) | - | - |
| dative | - | - | - |
| ablative | - | - | - |
| genitive | - | एनयोः (enayoḥ) एनोः¹ (enoḥ¹) |
- |
| locative | - | एनयोः (enayoḥ) एनोः¹ (enoḥ¹) |
- |
| vocative | - | - | - |
- ¹Rigvedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | - | - | - |
| accusative | एनत् (enat) | एने (ene) | एनानि (enāni) |
| instrumental | एनेन (enena) एना¹ (enā¹) |
- | - |
| dative | - | - | - |
| ablative | - | - | - |
| genitive | - | एनयोः (enayoḥ) एनोः¹ (enoḥ¹) |
- |
| locative | - | एनयोः (enayoḥ) एनोः¹ (enoḥ¹) |
- |
| vocative | - | - | - |
- ¹Rigvedic
Combined with the enclitic forms of अ (a), the paradigm looks like this:
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | - | - | - |
| accusative | एनम् (enam) | एनौ (enau) एना¹ (enā¹) |
एनान् (enān) |
| instrumental | एनेन (enena) एना² (enā²) |
आभ्याम् (ābhyām) | एभिः (ebhiḥ) |
| dative | अस्मै (asmai) | आभ्याम् (ābhyām) | एभ्यः (ebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अस्मात् (asmāt) | आभ्याम् (ābhyām) | एभ्यः (ebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अस्य (asya) | एनयोः (enayoḥ) एनोः² (enoḥ²) |
एषाम् (eṣām) |
| locative | अस्मिन् (asmin) | एनयोः (enayoḥ) एनोः² (enoḥ²) |
एषु (eṣu) |
| vocative | - | - | - |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Rigvedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | - | - | - |
| accusative | एनाम् (enām) | एने (ene) | एनाः (enāḥ) |
| instrumental | एनया (enayā) | आभ्याम् (ābhyām) | आभिः (ābhiḥ) |
| dative | अस्यै (asyai) | आभ्याम् (ābhyām) | आभ्यः (ābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अस्याः (asyāḥ) | आभ्याम् (ābhyām) | आभ्यः (ābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अस्याः (asyāḥ) | एनयोः (enayoḥ) एनोः¹ (enoḥ¹) |
आसाम् (āsām) |
| locative | अस्याम् (asyām) | एनयोः (enayoḥ) एनोः¹ (enoḥ¹) |
आसु (āsu) |
| vocative | - | - | - |
- ¹Rigvedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | - | - | - |
| accusative | एनत् (enat) | एने (ene) | एनानि (enāni) |
| instrumental | एनेन (enena) एना¹ (enā¹) |
आभ्याम् (ābhyām) | एभिः (ebhiḥ) |
| dative | अस्मै (asmai) | आभ्याम् (ābhyām) | एभ्यः (ebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अस्मात् (asmāt) | आभ्याम् (ābhyām) | एभ्यः (ebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अस्य (asya) | एनयोः (enayoḥ) एनोः¹ (enoḥ¹) |
एषाम् (eṣām) |
| locative | अस्मिन् (asmin) | एनयोः (enayoḥ) एनोः¹ (enoḥ¹) |
एषु (eṣu) |
| vocative | - | - | - |
- ¹Rigvedic
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “ena-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 268
- ^ Monier Williams (1899), “एन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 232, column 1.
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 370-1
Further reading
- Wackernagel, Jakob (1896-1964), Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher)[2] (in German), Vol. III: Nominalflexion – Zahlwort – Pronomen, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, published 1930, section 249, pages 520-6
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025), “enad”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.