केसर
See also: कसर
Hindi
Etymology
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara), from Prakrit 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara), from Sanskrit केसर (kesara, “hair, saffron”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *káysaras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káysaras, from Proto-Indo-European *kéysero- (“hair”). The sense of "saffron" developed in Sanskrit based on the spice's physical resemblance to hair. Cognate with Bengali কেশর (keśor)
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /keː.səɾ/, [keː.sɐɾ]
Noun
केसर • (kesar) m (Urdu spelling کیسر)
- the stigma or pistil of a flower, especially of the crocus (Crocus sativus)
- filament of a lotus
- saffron
- Synonyms: कुंकुम (kuṅkum), ज़ाफ़रान (zāfrān)
- saffron or yellow
- केसर:
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | केसर kesar |
केसर kesar |
| oblique | केसर kesar |
केसरों kesarõ |
| vocative | केसर kesar |
केसरो kesaro |
Descendants
- → English: kesar
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “केसर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Monier Williams (1899), “केसर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 310.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kḗsara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
- কেসৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬾᬲᬭ (Balinese script)
- কেসর (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰸𑰭𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ကေသရ (Burmese script)
- કેસર (Gujarati script)
- ਕੇਸਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑍇𑌸𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦺꦱꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂵𑂮𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಕೇಸರ (Kannada script)
- កេសរ (Khmer script)
- ເກສຣ (Lao script)
- കേസര (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᡝᠰ᠌ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘹𑘭𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠧᠰᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧚𑧍𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐾𑐳𑐬 (Newa script)
- କେସର (Odia script)
- ꢒꢾꢱꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆼𑆱𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖸𑖭𑖨 (Siddham script)
- කෙසර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩔𑪁𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚲𑚨𑚤 (Takri script)
- கேஸர (Tamil script)
- కేసర (Telugu script)
- เกสร (Thai script)
- ཀེ་ས་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒹𑒮𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨄𑨰𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan *káysaras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káysaras, from Proto-Indo-European *kéysero- (“hair”), and compared with Latin caesaries (“luxuriant flowing hair”). This has been disputed however, particularly as the Sanskrit bears non-trivial phonetic and semantic similarities to केश (kéśa, “hair”) and has been suggested to be a dissimilation of the latter, which would preclude a relation with the Latin.[1][2]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /kɐ́j.sɐ.ɾɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /keː.s̪ɐ.ɾɐ/
Noun
केसर • (késara) stem, m or n
- hair
- mane
- any fibre or filament of flowers or vegetables, resembling strands of hair
- saffron; the spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, resembling hair
- Synonym: कुङ्कुम (kuṅkuma)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | केसरः (késaraḥ) | केसरौ (késarau) केसरा¹ (késarā¹) |
केसराः (késarāḥ) केसरासः¹ (késarāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | केसरम् (késaram) | केसरौ (késarau) केसरा¹ (késarā¹) |
केसरान् (késarān) |
| instrumental | केसरेण (késareṇa) | केसराभ्याम् (késarābhyām) | केसरैः (késaraiḥ) केसरेभिः¹ (késarebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | केसराय (késarāya) | केसराभ्याम् (késarābhyām) | केसरेभ्यः (késarebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | केसरात् (késarāt) | केसराभ्याम् (késarābhyām) | केसरेभ्यः (késarebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | केसरस्य (késarasya) | केसरयोः (késarayoḥ) | केसराणाम् (késarāṇām) |
| locative | केसरे (késare) | केसरयोः (késarayoḥ) | केसरेषु (késareṣu) |
| vocative | केसर (késara) | केसरौ (késarau) केसरा¹ (késarā¹) |
केसराः (késarāḥ) केसरासः¹ (késarāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | केसरम् (késaram) | केसरे (késare) | केसराणि (késarāṇi) केसरा¹ (késarā¹) |
| accusative | केसरम् (késaram) | केसरे (késare) | केसराणि (késarāṇi) केसरा¹ (késarā¹) |
| instrumental | केसरेण (késareṇa) | केसराभ्याम् (késarābhyām) | केसरैः (késaraiḥ) केसरेभिः¹ (késarebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | केसराय (késarāya) | केसराभ्याम् (késarābhyām) | केसरेभ्यः (késarebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | केसरात् (késarāt) | केसराभ्याम् (késarābhyām) | केसरेभ्यः (késarebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | केसरस्य (késarasya) | केसरयोः (késarayoḥ) | केसराणाम् (késarāṇām) |
| locative | केसरे (késare) | केसरयोः (késarayoḥ) | केसरेषु (késareṣu) |
| vocative | केसर (késara) | केसरे (késare) | केसराणि (késarāṇi) केसरा¹ (késarā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Related terms
Descendants
- Pali: kesara
- Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara)
- Central:
- Eastern:
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara)
- Bengali: কেশর (keśor), কেসর (keśor)
- Odia: କେଶର (keśara), କେସର (kesara)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara)
- Northern:
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: केश्रो (keśro), केशर (keśar)
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Northwestern:
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Takka Apabhramsa:
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਕੇਸਰ (kēsar)
- Shahmukhi script: کیسَر (kēsar)
- Punjabi:
- Vracada Apabhramsa:
- Sindhi:
- Devanagari script: कैसरि (kaisari)
- Arabic script: ڪَيسَْرِ (kaisari)
- Sindhi:
- Takka Apabhramsa:
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Southern:
- Western:
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara)
- Gujarati: કેસર (kesar)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀭 (kesara)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “késara-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 401
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “caesariēs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “केसर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 310, column 3.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kḗsara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press