न्यून
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit न्यून (nyū́na).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /njuːn/, [njũːn]
Adjective
न्यून • (nyūn) (indeclinable) (rare, formal)
Synonyms
Hypernyms
- न्यूनतम (nyūntam)
Related terms
- नूनी (nūnī)
Further reading
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “न्यून”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit न्यून (nyūna). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘳𑘡 (nyuna).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /njun/, [njuːn]
- Rhymes: -un
Adjective
न्यून • (nyūn) (formal, literary)
- less, diminished
- Synonym: कमी (kamī)
- lower (in price, value or rank)
Noun
न्यून • (nyūn) n (higher register)
- shortcoming, deficiency
- Synonyms: उणीव (uṇīv), कमीपणा (kamīpṇā), कमतरता (kamtartā)
Declension
| Declension of न्यून (neut cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
न्यून nyūn | ||
| direct plural |
न्यूने, न्यूनं nyūne, nyūna | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
न्यून nyūn |
न्यूने, न्यूनं nyūne, nyūna | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
न्यूना nyūnā |
न्यूनां- nyūnān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
न्यूनाला nyūnālā |
न्यूनांना nyūnānnā | |
| ergative | न्यूनाने, न्यूनानं nyūnāne, nyūnāna |
न्यूनांनी nyūnānnī | |
| instrumental | न्यूनाशी nyūnāśī |
न्यूनांशी nyūnānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
न्यूनात nyūnāt |
न्यूनांत nyūnāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
न्यूना nyūnā |
न्यूनांनो nyūnānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of न्यून (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
न्यूनाचा nyūnāċā |
न्यूनाचे nyūnāċe |
न्यूनाची nyūnācī |
न्यूनाच्या nyūnācā |
न्यूनाचे, न्यूनाचं nyūnāċe, nyūnāċa |
न्यूनाची nyūnācī |
न्यूनाच्या nyūnācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
न्यूनांचा nyūnānċā |
न्यूनांचे nyūnānċe |
न्यूनांची nyūnāñcī |
न्यूनांच्या nyūnāncā |
न्यूनांचे, न्यूनांचं nyūnānċe, nyūnānċa |
न्यूनांची nyūnāñcī |
न्यूनांच्या nyūnāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- न्यूनगंड (nyūngaṇḍa)
- न्यूनता (nyūntā)
- न्यूनवचन (nyūnavcan)
- न्यूनांग (nyūnāṅga)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “न्यून”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “न्यून”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “न्यून”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ন্যূন (Assamese script)
- ᬦ᭄ᬬᬹᬦ (Balinese script)
- ন্যূন (Bengali script)
- 𑰡𑰿𑰧𑰳𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀦𑁆𑀬𑀽𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- နျူန (Burmese script)
- ન્યૂન (Gujarati script)
- ਨ੍ਯੂਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌨𑍍𑌯𑍂𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦤꦾꦹꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂢𑂹𑂨𑂴𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ನ್ಯೂನ (Kannada script)
- ន្យូន (Khmer script)
- ນ຺ຍູນ (Lao script)
- ന്യൂന (Malayalam script)
- ᠨᠶᡠᡠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘴𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᠨᠶ᠋ᠤᠤᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧁𑧠𑧇𑧕𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐹𑐣 (Newa script)
- ନ୍ଯୂନ (Odia script)
- ꢥ꣄ꢫꢹꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆤𑇀𑆪𑆷𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖡𑖿𑖧𑖳𑖡 (Siddham script)
- න්යූන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩯 𑪙𑩻𑩒𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚝𑚶𑚣𑚱𑚝 (Takri script)
- ந்யூந (Tamil script)
- న్యూన (Telugu script)
- นฺยูน (Thai script)
- ནྱཱུ་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒢𑓂𑒨𑒴𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨝𑩇𑨪𑨃𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ní.juː.nɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /n̪juː.n̪ɐ/
Adjective
न्यून • (nyū̀na) stem (metrical Vedic níyūna)
- less, diminished, defective, deficient
- Synonym: ऊन (ūna)
- Antonyms: अनून (anūna), अन्यून (anyūna)
- c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 6.3.3.26:
- समंबिला योनिर्वा इयं रेत इदं यद्वै रेतसो योनिमतिरिच्यतेऽमुया तद्भवत्यथ यन्न्यूनं व्यृद्धं तदेतद्वै रेतसः समृद्धं यत्समम्बिलं चतुःस्रक्तिरेष कूपो भवति चतस्रो वै दिशः सर्वाभ्य एवैनमेतद्दिग्भ्यः खनति
- samaṃbilā yonirvā iyaṃ reta idaṃ yadvai retaso yonimatiricyateʼmuyā tadbhavatyatha yannyūnaṃ vyṛddhaṃ tadetadvai retasaḥ samṛddhaṃ yatsamambilaṃ catuḥsraktireṣa kūpo bhavati catasro vai diśaḥ sarvābhya evainametaddigbhyaḥ khanati
- It (the lump of clay) should be as large as the hole: thus this earth (or clay) becomes his (Agni's) self. And as to its (being) as large as the hole, -- this earth is the womb, and this clay is seed; and whatever part of the seed exceeds the womb, becomes useless; and what is deficient, is unsuccessful; but that part of the seed which is within the hole is successful. Four-cornered is this hole, for there are four quarters: from all the four quarters he thus digs him out.
- समंबिला योनिर्वा इयं रेत इदं यद्वै रेतसो योनिमतिरिच्यतेऽमुया तद्भवत्यथ यन्न्यूनं व्यृद्धं तदेतद्वै रेतसः समृद्धं यत्समम्बिलं चतुःस्रक्तिरेष कूपो भवति चतस्रो वै दिशः सर्वाभ्य एवैनमेतद्दिग्भ्यः खनति
- having a defect in the feet
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | न्यूनः (nyū̀naḥ) | न्यूनौ (nyū̀nau) न्यूना¹ (nyū̀nā¹) |
न्यूनाः (nyū̀nāḥ) न्यूनासः¹ (nyū̀nāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | न्यूनम् (nyū̀nam) | न्यूनौ (nyū̀nau) न्यूना¹ (nyū̀nā¹) |
न्यूनान् (nyū̀nān) |
| instrumental | न्यूनेन (nyū̀nena) | न्यूनाभ्याम् (nyū̀nābhyām) | न्यूनैः (nyū̀naiḥ) न्यूनेभिः¹ (nyū̀nebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | न्यूनाय (nyū̀nāya) | न्यूनाभ्याम् (nyū̀nābhyām) | न्यूनेभ्यः (nyū̀nebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | न्यूनात् (nyū̀nāt) | न्यूनाभ्याम् (nyū̀nābhyām) | न्यूनेभ्यः (nyū̀nebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | न्यूनस्य (nyū̀nasya) | न्यूनयोः (nyū̀nayoḥ) | न्यूनानाम् (nyū̀nānām) |
| locative | न्यूने (nyū̀ne) | न्यूनयोः (nyū̀nayoḥ) | न्यूनेषु (nyū̀neṣu) |
| vocative | न्यून (nyū̀na) | न्यूनौ (nyū̀nau) न्यूना¹ (nyū̀nā¹) |
न्यूनाः (nyū̀nāḥ) न्यूनासः¹ (nyū̀nāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | न्यूना (nyū̀nā) | न्यूने (nyū̀ne) | न्यूनाः (nyū̀nāḥ) |
| accusative | न्यूनाम् (nyū̀nām) | न्यूने (nyū̀ne) | न्यूनाः (nyū̀nāḥ) |
| instrumental | न्यूनया (nyū̀nayā) न्यूना¹ (nyū̀nā¹) |
न्यूनाभ्याम् (nyū̀nābhyām) | न्यूनाभिः (nyū̀nābhiḥ) |
| dative | न्यूनायै (nyū̀nāyai) | न्यूनाभ्याम् (nyū̀nābhyām) | न्यूनाभ्यः (nyū̀nābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | न्यूनायाः (nyū̀nāyāḥ) न्यूनायै² (nyū̀nāyai²) |
न्यूनाभ्याम् (nyū̀nābhyām) | न्यूनाभ्यः (nyū̀nābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | न्यूनायाः (nyū̀nāyāḥ) न्यूनायै² (nyū̀nāyai²) |
न्यूनयोः (nyū̀nayoḥ) | न्यूनानाम् (nyū̀nānām) |
| locative | न्यूनायाम् (nyū̀nāyām) | न्यूनयोः (nyū̀nayoḥ) | न्यूनासु (nyū̀nāsu) |
| vocative | न्यूने (nyū̀ne) | न्यूने (nyū̀ne) | न्यूनाः (nyū̀nāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | न्यूनम् (nyū̀nam) | न्यूने (nyū̀ne) | न्यूनानि (nyū̀nāni) न्यूना¹ (nyū̀nā¹) |
| accusative | न्यूनम् (nyū̀nam) | न्यूने (nyū̀ne) | न्यूनानि (nyū̀nāni) न्यूना¹ (nyū̀nā¹) |
| instrumental | न्यूनेन (nyū̀nena) | न्यूनाभ्याम् (nyū̀nābhyām) | न्यूनैः (nyū̀naiḥ) न्यूनेभिः¹ (nyū̀nebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | न्यूनाय (nyū̀nāya) | न्यूनाभ्याम् (nyū̀nābhyām) | न्यूनेभ्यः (nyū̀nebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | न्यूनात् (nyū̀nāt) | न्यूनाभ्याम् (nyū̀nābhyām) | न्यूनेभ्यः (nyū̀nebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | न्यूनस्य (nyū̀nasya) | न्यूनयोः (nyū̀nayoḥ) | न्यूनानाम् (nyū̀nānām) |
| locative | न्यूने (nyū̀ne) | न्यूनयोः (nyū̀nayoḥ) | न्यूनेषु (nyū̀neṣu) |
| vocative | न्यून (nyū̀na) | न्यूने (nyū̀ne) | न्यूनानि (nyū̀nāni) न्यूना¹ (nyū̀nā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
न्यून • (nyū̀na) stem, n
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | न्यूनम् (nyū̀nam) | न्यूने (nyū̀ne) | न्यूनानि (nyū̀nāni) न्यूना¹ (nyū̀nā¹) |
| accusative | न्यूनम् (nyū̀nam) | न्यूने (nyū̀ne) | न्यूनानि (nyū̀nāni) न्यूना¹ (nyū̀nā¹) |
| instrumental | न्यूनेन (nyū̀nena) | न्यूनाभ्याम् (nyū̀nābhyām) | न्यूनैः (nyū̀naiḥ) न्यूनेभिः¹ (nyū̀nebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | न्यूनाय (nyū̀nāya) | न्यूनाभ्याम् (nyū̀nābhyām) | न्यूनेभ्यः (nyū̀nebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | न्यूनात् (nyū̀nāt) | न्यूनाभ्याम् (nyū̀nābhyām) | न्यूनेभ्यः (nyū̀nebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | न्यूनस्य (nyū̀nasya) | न्यूनयोः (nyū̀nayoḥ) | न्यूनानाम् (nyū̀nānām) |
| locative | न्यूने (nyū̀ne) | न्यूनयोः (nyū̀nayoḥ) | न्यूनेषु (nyū̀neṣu) |
| vocative | न्यून (nyū̀na) | न्यूने (nyū̀ne) | न्यूनानि (nyū̀nāni) न्यूना¹ (nyū̀nā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Prakrit: 𑀡𑀽𑀡 (ṇūṇa)
- → Assamese: ন্যূন (nyun) (learned)
- → Bengali: ন্যূন (nun) (learned)
- → Gujarati: ન્યૂન (nyūn) (learned)
- → Hindustani: (learned)
- Hindi: न्यून (nyūn)
- → Kannada: ನ್ಯೂನ (nyūna) (learned)
- → Malayalam: ന്യൂനം (nyūnaṁ) (learned)
- → Odia: ନ୍ୟୂନ (nyuna) (learned)
- → Old Marathi: 𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘳𑘡 (nyuna) (learned)
- Marathi: न्यून (nyūn)
- → Tamil: நியூனம் (niyūṉam), நூனம் (nūṉam) (learned)
- → Telugu: న్యూనము (nyūnamu) (learned)
Further reading
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “nyūˋna”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press