ᴈ


ᴈ U+1D08, ᴈ
LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED OPEN E
← ᴇ
[U+1D07] 		Phonetic Extensions ᴉ →
[U+1D09]
Character variations

ᵌ U+1D4C, ᵌ
MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED OPEN E
← ᵋ
[U+1D4B] 		Phonetic Extensions ᵍ →
[U+1D4D]
See also: ɜ [U+025C LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E], з [U+0437 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE], and Appendix:Variations of "e"

Translingual

Alternative forms

(IPA): The letter was adopted into the IPA in 1921 as a turned epsilon ⟨ᴈ⟩. Sometime between the IPA chart published in 1957 and the 1989 Kiel Convention, it started to be rendered as a reversed epsilon ⟨ɜ⟩, its current form.

Etymology

The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet makes regular use of 180°-rotation to denote a reduced form of a given sound.

Symbol

ᴈ

  1. (IPA, obsolete) An open-mid central unrounded vowel.
  2. (superscript ⟨ᶟ⟩, IPA) [ᴈ]-coloring or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo [ᴈ].
  3. (UPA) a reduced ɛ vowel.
  4. (superscript ⟨ᶟ⟩, UPA) an extremely short or fleeting ᴈ.

Usage notes

The superscript, U+1D4C, is named for this turned character but is defined in its Unicode properties as a modifier letter reversed epsilon ɜ, the same as U+1D9F ᶟ.

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