ἀνύω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *senh₂- (“to seek, accomplish, work on, succeed”). Cognate with Sanskrit सन् (san, “to gain, acquire, be successful”), as well as perhaps Hittite [script needed] (sanh-, “to intend; to strive for; to seek”). See also αὐθέντης (authéntēs).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.ný.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈny.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈny.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈny.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈni.o/
Verb
ᾰ̓νῠ́ω • (ănŭ́ō)
- to cause, effect, accomplish
- to consume
- to pass over
Usage notes
- Besides "normal" thematic imperfective forms, an athematic form is also attested: ἤνυτο (ḗnuto, “it was accomplished”) in Homer, Odyssey 5.243.
Inflection
Present: ᾰ̓νῠ́ω, ᾰ̓νῠ́ομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾰ̓νῠ́ω | ᾰ̓νῠ́εις | ᾰ̓νῠ́ει | ᾰ̓νῠ́ετον | ᾰ̓νῠ́ετον | ᾰ̓νῠ́ομεν | ᾰ̓νῠ́ετε | ᾰ̓νῠ́ουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓νῠ́ω | ᾰ̓νῠ́ῃς | ᾰ̓νῠ́ῃ | ᾰ̓νῠ́ητον | ᾰ̓νῠ́ητον | ᾰ̓νῠ́ωμεν | ᾰ̓νῠ́ητε | ᾰ̓νῠ́ωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓νῠ́οιμῐ | ᾰ̓νῠ́οις | ᾰ̓νῠ́οι | ᾰ̓νῠ́οιτον | ᾰ̓νῠοίτην | ᾰ̓νῠ́οιμεν | ᾰ̓νῠ́οιτε | ᾰ̓νῠ́οιεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓́νῠε | ᾰ̓νῠέτω | ᾰ̓νῠ́ετον | ᾰ̓νῠέτων | ᾰ̓νῠ́ετε | ᾰ̓νῠόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾰ̓νῠ́ομαι | ᾰ̓νῠ́ῃ / ᾰ̓νῠ́ει | ᾰ̓νῠ́εται | ᾰ̓νῠ́εσθον | ᾰ̓νῠ́εσθον | ᾰ̓νῠόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠ́εσθε | ᾰ̓νῠ́ονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓νῠ́ωμαι | ᾰ̓νῠ́ῃ | ᾰ̓νῠ́ηται | ᾰ̓νῠ́ησθον | ᾰ̓νῠ́ησθον | ᾰ̓νῠώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠ́ησθε | ᾰ̓νῠ́ωνται | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓νῠοίμην | ᾰ̓νῠ́οιο | ᾰ̓νῠ́οιτο | ᾰ̓νῠ́οισθον | ᾰ̓νῠοίσθην | ᾰ̓νῠοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠ́οισθε | ᾰ̓νῠ́οιντο | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓νῠ́ου | ᾰ̓νῠέσθω | ᾰ̓νῠ́εσθον | ᾰ̓νῠέσθων | ᾰ̓νῠ́εσθε | ᾰ̓νῠέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓νῠ́ειν | ᾰ̓νῠ́εσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓νῠ́ων | ᾰ̓νῠόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓νῠ́ουσᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓νῠ́ον | ᾰ̓νῠόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἤνῠον, ἠνῠόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤνῠον | ἤνῠες | ἤνῠε(ν) | ἠνῠ́ετον | ἠνῠέτην | ἠνῠ́ομεν | ἠνῠ́ετε | ἤνῠον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠνῠόμην | ἠνῠ́ου | ἠνῠ́ετο | ἠνῠ́εσθον | ἠνῠέσθην | ἠνῠόμεθᾰ | ἠνῠ́εσθε | ἠνῠ́οντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: ᾰ̓νῠ́σω, ᾰ̓νῠ́σομαι, ᾰ̓νῠσθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾰ̓νῠ́σω | ᾰ̓νῠ́σεις | ᾰ̓νῠ́σει | ᾰ̓νῠ́σετον | ᾰ̓νῠ́σετον | ᾰ̓νῠ́σομεν | ᾰ̓νῠ́σετε | ᾰ̓νῠ́σουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | ᾰ̓νῠ́σοιμῐ | ᾰ̓νῠ́σοις | ᾰ̓νῠ́σοι | ᾰ̓νῠ́σοιτον | ᾰ̓νῠσοίτην | ᾰ̓νῠ́σοιμεν | ᾰ̓νῠ́σοιτε | ᾰ̓νῠ́σοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | ᾰ̓νῠ́σομαι | ᾰ̓νῠ́σῃ / ᾰ̓νῠ́σει | ᾰ̓νῠ́σεται | ᾰ̓νῠ́σεσθον | ᾰ̓νῠ́σεσθον | ᾰ̓νῠσόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠ́σεσθε | ᾰ̓νῠ́σονται | ||||
| optative | ᾰ̓νῠσοίμην | ᾰ̓νῠ́σοιο | ᾰ̓νῠ́σοιτο | ᾰ̓νῠ́σοισθον | ᾰ̓νῠσοίσθην | ᾰ̓νῠσοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠ́σοισθε | ᾰ̓νῠ́σοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | ᾰ̓νῠσθήσομαι | ᾰ̓νῠσθήσῃ | ᾰ̓νῠσθήσεται | ᾰ̓νῠσθήσεσθον | ᾰ̓νῠσθήσεσθον | ᾰ̓νῠσθησόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠσθήσεσθε | ᾰ̓νῠσθήσονται | ||||
| optative | ᾰ̓νῠσθησοίμην | ᾰ̓νῠσθήσοιο | ᾰ̓νῠσθήσοιτο | ᾰ̓νῠσθήσοισθον | ᾰ̓νῠσθησοίσθην | ᾰ̓νῠσθησοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠσθήσοισθε | ᾰ̓νῠσθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓νῠ́σειν | ᾰ̓νῠ́σεσθαι | ᾰ̓νῠσθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓νῠ́σων | ᾰ̓νῠσόμενος | ᾰ̓νῠσθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓νῠ́σουσᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠσομένη | ᾰ̓νῠσθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓νῠ́σον | ᾰ̓νῠσόμενον | ᾰ̓νῠσθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἤνῠσᾰ, ἠνῠσᾰ́μην, ἠνῠ́σθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤνῠσᾰ | ἤνῠσᾰς | ἤνῠσε(ν) | ἠνῠ́σᾰτον | ἠνῠσᾰ́την | ἠνῠ́σᾰμεν | ἠνῠ́σᾰτε | ἤνῠσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓νῠ́σω | ᾰ̓νῠ́σῃς | ᾰ̓νῠ́σῃ | ᾰ̓νῠ́σητον | ᾰ̓νῠ́σητον | ᾰ̓νῠ́σωμεν | ᾰ̓νῠ́σητε | ᾰ̓νῠ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓νῠ́σαιμῐ | ᾰ̓νῠ́σειᾰς / ᾰ̓νῠ́σαις | ᾰ̓νῠ́σειε(ν) / ᾰ̓νῠ́σαι | ᾰ̓νῠ́σαιτον | ᾰ̓νῠσαίτην | ᾰ̓νῠ́σαιμεν | ᾰ̓νῠ́σαιτε | ᾰ̓νῠ́σειᾰν / ᾰ̓νῠ́σαιεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓́νῠσον | ᾰ̓νῠσᾰ́τω | ᾰ̓νῠ́σᾰτον | ᾰ̓νῠσᾰ́των | ᾰ̓νῠ́σᾰτε | ᾰ̓νῠσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἠνῠσᾰ́μην | ἠνῠ́σω | ἠνῠ́σᾰτο | ἠνῠ́σᾰσθον | ἠνῠσᾰ́σθην | ἠνῠσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἠνῠ́σᾰσθε | ἠνῠ́σᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓νῠ́σωμαι | ᾰ̓νῠ́σῃ | ᾰ̓νῠ́σηται | ᾰ̓νῠ́σησθον | ᾰ̓νῠ́σησθον | ᾰ̓νῠσώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠ́σησθε | ᾰ̓νῠ́σωνται | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓νῠσαίμην | ᾰ̓νῠ́σαιο | ᾰ̓νῠ́σαιτο | ᾰ̓νῠ́σαισθον | ᾰ̓νῠσαίσθην | ᾰ̓νῠσαίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠ́σαισθε | ᾰ̓νῠ́σαιντο | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓́νῠσαι | ᾰ̓νῠσᾰ́σθω | ᾰ̓νῠ́σᾰσθον | ᾰ̓νῠσᾰ́σθων | ᾰ̓νῠ́σᾰσθε | ᾰ̓νῠσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἠνῠ́σθην | ἠνῠ́σθης | ἠνῠ́σθη | ἠνῠ́σθητον | ἠνῠσθήτην | ἠνῠ́σθημεν | ἠνῠ́σθητε | ἠνῠ́σθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓νῠσθῶ | ᾰ̓νῠσθῇς | ᾰ̓νῠσθῇ | ᾰ̓νῠσθῆτον | ᾰ̓νῠσθῆτον | ᾰ̓νῠσθῶμεν | ᾰ̓νῠσθῆτε | ᾰ̓νῠσθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓νῠσθείην | ᾰ̓νῠσθείης | ᾰ̓νῠσθείη | ᾰ̓νῠσθεῖτον / ᾰ̓νῠσθείητον | ᾰ̓νῠσθείτην / ᾰ̓νῠσθειήτην | ᾰ̓νῠσθεῖμεν / ᾰ̓νῠσθείημεν | ᾰ̓νῠσθεῖτε / ᾰ̓νῠσθείητε | ᾰ̓νῠσθεῖεν / ᾰ̓νῠσθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓νῠ́σθητῐ | ᾰ̓νῠσθήτω | ᾰ̓νῠ́σθητον | ᾰ̓νῠσθήτων | ᾰ̓νῠ́σθητε | ᾰ̓νῠσθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓νῠ́σαι | ᾰ̓νῠ́σᾰσθαι | ᾰ̓νῠσθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓νῠ́σᾱς | ᾰ̓νῠσᾰ́μενος | ᾰ̓νῠσθείς | |||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓νῠ́σᾱσᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠσᾰμένη | ᾰ̓νῠσθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓νῠ́σᾰν | ᾰ̓νῠσᾰ́μενον | ᾰ̓νῠσθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤνῠσσᾰ | ἤνῠσσᾰς | ἤνῠσσε(ν) | ἠνῠ́σσᾰτον | ἠνῠσσᾰ́την | ἠνῠ́σσᾰμεν | ἠνῠ́σσᾰτε | ἤνῠσσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσω, ᾰ̓νῠ́σσωμῐ |
ᾰ̓νῠ́σσῃς, ᾰ̓νῠ́σσῃσθᾰ |
ᾰ̓νῠ́σσῃ, ᾰ̓νῠ́σσῃσῐ |
ᾰ̓νῠ́σσητον | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσητον | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσωμεν | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσητε | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσαιμῐ | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσαις, ᾰ̓νῠ́σσαισθᾰ, ᾰ̓νῠ́σσειᾰς |
ᾰ̓νῠ́σσειε(ν) / ᾰ̓νῠ́σσαι | ᾰ̓νῠσσεῖτον | ᾰ̓νῠσσείτην | ᾰ̓νῠσσεῖμεν | ᾰ̓νῠσσεῖτε | ᾰ̓νῠσσεῖεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓́νῠσσον | ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰ́τω | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾰτον | ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰ́των | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾰτε | ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἠνῠσσᾰ́μην | ἠνῠ́σσᾰο | ἠνῠ́σσᾰτο | ἠνῠ́σσᾰσθον | ἠνῠσσᾰ́σθην | ἠνῠσσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | ἠνῠ́σσᾰσθε | ἠνῠ́σσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσωμαι | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσηαι | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσηται | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσησθον | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσησθον | ᾰ̓νῠσσώμε(σ)θᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσησθε | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσωνται | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓νῠσσαίμην | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσαιο | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσαιτο | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσαισθον | ᾰ̓νῠσσαίσθην | ᾰ̓νῠσσαίμε(σ)θᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσαισθε | ᾰ̓νῠσσαίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓́νῠσσαι | ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰ́σθω | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾰσθον | ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰ́σθων | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾰσθε | ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσαι / ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰ́μεν / ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰμέναι | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾱς | ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾱσᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰμένη | |||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾰν | ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾰ̓́νῠσσᾰ | ᾰ̓́νῠσσᾰς | ᾰ̓́νῠσσε(ν) | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾰτον | ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰ́την | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾰμεν | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾰτε | ᾰ̓́νῠσσᾰν | ||||
| middle | indicative | ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰ́μην | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾰο | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾰτο | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾰσθον | ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰ́σθην | ᾰ̓νῠσσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾰσθε | ᾰ̓νῠ́σσᾰντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: ἤνῠκᾰ, ἤνῠσμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤνῠκᾰ | ἤνῠκᾰς | ἤνῠκε(ν) | ἠνῠ́κᾰτον | ἠνῠ́κᾰτον | ἠνῠ́κᾰμεν | ἠνῠ́κᾰτε | ἠνῠ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἠνῠ́κω | ἠνῠ́κῃς | ἠνῠ́κῃ | ἠνῠ́κητον | ἠνῠ́κητον | ἠνῠ́κωμεν | ἠνῠ́κητε | ἠνῠ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἠνῠ́κοιμῐ / ἠνῠκοίην | ἠνῠ́κοις / ἠνῠκοίης | ἠνῠ́κοι / ἠνῠκοίη | ἠνῠ́κοιτον | ἠνῠκοίτην | ἠνῠ́κοιμεν | ἠνῠ́κοιτε | ἠνῠ́κοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἤνῠκε | ἠνῠκέτω | ἠνῠ́κετον | ἠνῠκέτων | ἠνῠ́κετε | ἠνῠκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἤνῠσμαι | ἤνῠσαι | ἤνῠσται | ἤνῠσθον | ἤνῠσθον | ἠνῠ́σμεθᾰ | ἤνῠσθε | ἠνῠ́τᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἠνῠσμένος ὦ | ἠνῠσμένος ᾖς | ἠνῠσμένος ᾖ | ἠνῠσμένω ἦτον | ἠνῠσμένω ἦτον | ἠνῠσμένοι ὦμεν | ἠνῠσμένοι ἦτε | ἠνῠσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἠνῠσμένος εἴην | ἠνῠσμένος εἴης | ἠνῠσμένος εἴη | ἠνῠσμένω εἴητον / εἶτον | ἠνῠσμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | ἠνῠσμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | ἠνῠσμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | ἠνῠσμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ἤνῠσο | ἠνῠ́σθω | ἤνῠσθον | ἠνῠ́σθων | ἤνῠσθε | ἠνῠ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἠνῠκέναι | ἠνῠ́σθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ἠνῠκώς | ἠνῠσμένος | ||||||||||
| f | ἠνῠκυῖᾰ | ἠνῠσμένη | |||||||||||
| n | ἠνῠκός | ἠνῠσμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- δῐᾰνῠ́ω (dĭănŭ́ō)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἄνυμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 110
Further reading
- ἀνύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἀνύω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
- “ἀνύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 369
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 532
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “906”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 906
- ἀνύω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011