ἰάομαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain, but frequently compared to ἰαίνω (iaínō, “to warm”), with both often derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to strengthen, propel”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /iː.á.o.mai̯/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /iˈa.o.mɛ/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /iˈa.o.mɛ/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iˈa.o.me/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈa.o.me/

Verb

ῑ̓ᾰ́ομαι • (īắomai)

to cure, heal
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.134
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.Il..899
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.2
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.525
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 299a
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 1210
to repair
- 314 CE – 393 CE, Libanius, Declamations 27.3
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 933e
- 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 191d
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 1 Kings 18.32

Inflection

Present: ῑ̓ᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ῑ̓ᾰ́ομαι	ῑ̓ᾰ́ῃ / ῑ̓ᾰ́ει	ῑ̓ᾰ́εται	ῑ̓ᾰ́εσθον	ῑ̓ᾰ́εσθον	ῑ̓ᾰόμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ᾰ́εσθε	ῑ̓ᾰ́ονται
	subjunctive	ῑ̓ᾰ́ωμαι	ῑ̓ᾰ́ῃ	ῑ̓ᾰ́ηται	ῑ̓ᾰ́ησθον	ῑ̓ᾰ́ησθον	ῑ̓ᾰώμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ᾰ́ησθε	ῑ̓ᾰ́ωνται
	optative	ῑ̓ᾰοίμην	ῑ̓ᾰ́οιο	ῑ̓ᾰ́οιτο	ῑ̓ᾰ́οισθον	ῑ̓ᾰοίσθην	ῑ̓ᾰοίμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ᾰ́οισθε	ῑ̓ᾰ́οιντο
	imperative		ῑ̓ᾰ́ου	ῑ̓ᾰέσθω	ῑ̓ᾰ́εσθον	ῑ̓ᾰέσθων		ῑ̓ᾰ́εσθε	ῑ̓ᾰέσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ῑ̓ᾰ́εσθαι
participle	m					ῑ̓ᾰόμενος
	f					ῑ̓ᾰομένη
	n					ῑ̓ᾰόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ῑ̓ῶμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ῑ̓ῶμαι	ῑ̓ᾷ	ῑ̓ᾶται	ῑ̓ᾶσθον	ῑ̓ᾶσθον	ῑ̓ώμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ᾶσθε	ῑ̓ῶνται
	subjunctive	ῑ̓ῶμαι	ῑ̓ᾷ	ῑ̓ᾶται	ῑ̓ᾶσθον	ῑ̓ᾶσθον	ῑ̓ώμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ᾶσθε	ῑ̓ῶνται
	optative	ῑ̓ῴμην	ῑ̓ῷο	ῑ̓ῷτο	ῑ̓ῷσθον	ῑ̓ῴσθην	ῑ̓ῴμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ῷσθε	ῑ̓ῷντο
	imperative		ῑ̓ῶ	ῑ̓ᾱ́σθω	ῑ̓ᾶσθον	ῑ̓ᾱ́σθων		ῑ̓ᾶσθε	ῑ̓ᾱ́σθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ῑ̓ᾶσθαι
participle	m					ῑ̓ώμενος
	f					ῑ̓ωμένη
	n					ῑ̓ώμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ῑ̓ᾰόμην (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ῑ̓ᾰόμην	ῑ̓ᾰ́ου	ῑ̓ᾰ́ετο	ῑ̓ᾰ́εσθον	ῑ̓ᾰέσθην	ῑ̓ᾰόμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ᾰ́εσθε	ῑ̓ᾰ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ῑ̓ώμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ῑ̓ώμην	ῑ̓ῶ	ῑ̓ᾶτο	ῑ̓ᾶσθον	ῑ̓ᾱ́σθην	ῑ̓ώμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ᾶσθε	ῑ̓ῶντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ῑ̓ᾱ́σομαι, ῑ̓ᾱθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ῑ̓ᾱ́σομαι	ῑ̓ᾱ́σῃ / ῑ̓ᾱ́σει	ῑ̓ᾱ́σεται	ῑ̓ᾱ́σεσθον	ῑ̓ᾱ́σεσθον	ῑ̓ᾱσόμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ᾱ́σεσθε	ῑ̓ᾱ́σονται
middle	optative	ῑ̓ᾱσοίμην	ῑ̓ᾱ́σοιο	ῑ̓ᾱ́σοιτο	ῑ̓ᾱ́σοισθον	ῑ̓ᾱσοίσθην	ῑ̓ᾱσοίμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ᾱ́σοισθε	ῑ̓ᾱ́σοιντο
passive	indicative	ῑ̓ᾱθήσομαι	ῑ̓ᾱθήσῃ	ῑ̓ᾱθήσεται	ῑ̓ᾱθήσεσθον	ῑ̓ᾱθήσεσθον	ῑ̓ᾱθησόμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ᾱθήσεσθε	ῑ̓ᾱθήσονται
passive	optative	ῑ̓ᾱθησοίμην	ῑ̓ᾱθήσοιο	ῑ̓ᾱθήσοιτο	ῑ̓ᾱθήσοισθον	ῑ̓ᾱθησοίσθην	ῑ̓ᾱθησοίμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ᾱθήσοισθε	ῑ̓ᾱθήσοιντο
					middle		passive
infinitive					ῑ̓ᾱ́σεσθαι		ῑ̓ᾱθήσεσθαι
participle	m				ῑ̓ᾱσόμενος		ῑ̓ᾱθησόμενος
	f				ῑ̓ᾱσομένη		ῑ̓ᾱθησομένη
	n				ῑ̓ᾱσόμενον		ῑ̓ᾱθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ῑ̓ήσομαι, ῑ̓ηθήσομαι (Epic, Ionic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ῑ̓ήσομαι	ῑ̓ήσῃ / ῑ̓ήσει	ῑ̓ήσεται	ῑ̓ήσεσθον	ῑ̓ήσεσθον	ῑ̓ησόμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ήσεσθε	ῑ̓ήσονται
middle	optative	ῑ̓ησοίμην	ῑ̓ήσοιο	ῑ̓ήσοιτο	ῑ̓ήσοισθον	ῑ̓ησοίσθην	ῑ̓ησοίμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ήσοισθε	ῑ̓ήσοιντο
passive	indicative	ῑ̓ηθήσομαι	ῑ̓ηθήσῃ	ῑ̓ηθήσεται	ῑ̓ηθήσεσθον	ῑ̓ηθήσεσθον	ῑ̓ηθησόμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ηθήσεσθε	ῑ̓ηθήσονται
passive	optative	ῑ̓ηθησοίμην	ῑ̓ηθήσοιο	ῑ̓ηθήσοιτο	ῑ̓ηθήσοισθον	ῑ̓ηθησοίσθην	ῑ̓ηθησοίμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ηθήσοισθε	ῑ̓ηθήσοιντο
					middle		passive
infinitive					ῑ̓ήσεσθαι		ῑ̓ηθήσεσθαι
participle	m				ῑ̓ησόμενος		ῑ̓ηθησόμενος
	f				ῑ̓ησομένη		ῑ̓ηθησομένη
	n				ῑ̓ησόμενον		ῑ̓ηθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ῑ̓ᾱσᾰ́μην, ῑ̓ᾱ́θην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ῑ̓ᾱσᾰ́μην	ῑ̓ᾱ́σω	ῑ̓ᾱ́σᾰτο	ῑ̓ᾱ́σᾰσθον	ῑ̓ᾱσᾰ́σθην	ῑ̓ᾱσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ῑ̓ᾱ́σᾰσθε	ῑ̓ᾱ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	ῑ̓ᾱ́σωμαι	ῑ̓ᾱ́σῃ	ῑ̓ᾱ́σηται	ῑ̓ᾱ́σησθον	ῑ̓ᾱ́σησθον	ῑ̓ᾱσώμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ᾱ́σησθε	ῑ̓ᾱ́σωνται
	optative	ῑ̓ᾱσαίμην	ῑ̓ᾱ́σαιο	ῑ̓ᾱ́σαιτο	ῑ̓ᾱ́σαισθον	ῑ̓ᾱσαίσθην	ῑ̓ᾱσαίμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ᾱ́σαισθε	ῑ̓ᾱ́σαιντο
	imperative		ῑ̓́ᾱσαι	ῑ̓ᾱσᾰ́σθω	ῑ̓ᾱ́σᾰσθον	ῑ̓ᾱσᾰ́σθων		ῑ̓ᾱ́σᾰσθε	ῑ̓ᾱσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ῑ̓ᾱ́θην	ῑ̓ᾱ́θης	ῑ̓ᾱ́θη	ῑ̓ᾱ́θητον	ῑ̓ᾱθήτην	ῑ̓ᾱ́θημεν	ῑ̓ᾱ́θητε	ῑ̓ᾱ́θησᾰν
	subjunctive	ῑ̓ᾱθῶ	ῑ̓ᾱθῇς	ῑ̓ᾱθῇ	ῑ̓ᾱθῆτον	ῑ̓ᾱθῆτον	ῑ̓ᾱθῶμεν	ῑ̓ᾱθῆτε	ῑ̓ᾱθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῑ̓ᾱθείην	ῑ̓ᾱθείης	ῑ̓ᾱθείη	ῑ̓ᾱθεῖτον / ῑ̓ᾱθείητον	ῑ̓ᾱθείτην / ῑ̓ᾱθειήτην	ῑ̓ᾱθεῖμεν / ῑ̓ᾱθείημεν	ῑ̓ᾱθεῖτε / ῑ̓ᾱθείητε	ῑ̓ᾱθεῖεν / ῑ̓ᾱθείησᾰν
	imperative		ῑ̓ᾱ́θητῐ	ῑ̓ᾱθήτω	ῑ̓ᾱ́θητον	ῑ̓ᾱθήτων		ῑ̓ᾱ́θητε	ῑ̓ᾱθέντων
					middle		passive
infinitive					ῑ̓ᾱ́σᾰσθαι		ῑ̓ᾱθῆναι
participle	m				ῑ̓ᾱσᾰ́μενος		ῑ̓ᾱθείς
	f				ῑ̓ᾱσᾰμένη		ῑ̓ᾱθεῖσᾰ
	n				ῑ̓ᾱσᾰ́μενον		ῑ̓ᾱθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ῑ̓ησᾰ́μην, ῑ̓ήθην (Ionic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ῑ̓ησᾰ́μην	ῑ̓ήσω	ῑ̓ήσᾰτο	ῑ̓ήσᾰσθον	ῑ̓ησᾰ́σθην	ῑ̓ησᾰ́μεθᾰ	ῑ̓ήσᾰσθε	ῑ̓ήσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ῑ̓ήσωμαι	ῑ̓ήσηαι	ῑ̓ήσηται	ῑ̓ήσησθον	ῑ̓ήσησθον	ῑ̓ησώμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ήσησθε	ῑ̓ήσωνται
	optative	ῑ̓ησαίμην	ῑ̓ήσαιο	ῑ̓ήσαιτο	ῑ̓ήσαισθον	ῑ̓ησαίσθην	ῑ̓ησαίμεθᾰ	ῑ̓ήσαισθε	ῑ̓ησαίᾰτο
	imperative		ῑ̓́ησαι	ῑ̓ησᾰ́σθω	ῑ̓ήσᾰσθον	ῑ̓ησᾰ́σθων		ῑ̓ήσᾰσθε	ῑ̓ησᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ῑ̓ήθην	ῑ̓ήθης	ῑ̓ήθη	ῑ̓ήθητον	ῑ̓ηθήτην	ῑ̓ήθημεν	ῑ̓ήθητε	ῑ̓ήθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ῑ̓ηθῶ	ῑ̓ηθῇς	ῑ̓ηθῇ	ῑ̓ηθῆτον	ῑ̓ηθῆτον	ῑ̓ηθῶμεν	ῑ̓ηθῆτε	ῑ̓ηθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῑ̓ηθείην	ῑ̓ηθείης	ῑ̓ηθείη	ῑ̓ηθεῖτον / ῑ̓ηθείητον	ῑ̓ηθείτην / ῑ̓ηθειήτην	ῑ̓ηθεῖμεν / ῑ̓ηθείημεν	ῑ̓ηθεῖτε / ῑ̓ηθείητε	ῑ̓ήθειεν / ῑ̓ηθείησᾰν
	imperative		ῑ̓ήθητῐ	ῑ̓ηθήτω	ῑ̓ήθητον	ῑ̓ηθήτων		ῑ̓ήθητε	ῑ̓ηθέντων
					middle		passive
infinitive					ῑ̓ήσᾰσθαι		ῑ̓ηθῆναι
participle	m				ῑ̓ησᾰ́μενος		ῑ̓ηθείς
	f				ῑ̓ησᾰμένη		ῑ̓ηθεῖσᾰ
	n				ῑ̓ησᾰ́μενον		ῑ̓ηθέν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: ῑ̓́ᾱμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ῑ̓́ᾱμαι	ῑ̓́ᾱσαι	ῑ̓́ᾱται	ῑ̓́ᾱσθον	ῑ̓́ᾱσθον	ῑ̓ᾱ́μεθᾰ	ῑ̓́ᾱσθε	ῑ̓́ᾱνται
	subjunctive	ῑ̓ᾱμένος ὦ	ῑ̓ᾱμένος ᾖς	ῑ̓ᾱμένος ᾖ	ῑ̓ᾱμένω ἦτον	ῑ̓ᾱμένω ἦτον	ῑ̓ᾱμένοι ὦμεν	ῑ̓ᾱμένοι ἦτε	ῑ̓ᾱμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῑ̓ᾱμένος εἴην	ῑ̓ᾱμένος εἴης	ῑ̓ᾱμένος εἴη	ῑ̓ᾱμένω εἴητον / εἶτον	ῑ̓ᾱμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην	ῑ̓ᾱμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν	ῑ̓ᾱμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε	ῑ̓ᾱμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν
	imperative		ῑ̓́ᾱσο	ῑ̓ᾱ́σθω	ῑ̓́ᾱσθον	ῑ̓ᾱ́σθων		ῑ̓́ᾱσθε	ῑ̓ᾱ́σθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ῑ̓ᾶσθαι
participle	m					ῑ̓ᾱμένος
	f					ῑ̓ᾱμένη
	n					ῑ̓ᾱμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἀνιάομαι (aniáomai)
ἐξιάομαι (exiáomai)
ἐπιάομαι (epiáomai)
Ἰάσων (Iásōn)

Related terms

ἀνίατος (aníatos)
ἰαίνω (iaínō)
ἴαμα (íama)
ἰάσιμος (iásimos)
ἴασις (íasis)
Ἰασώ (Iasṓ)
ἰάτειρα (iáteira)
ἰατέον (iatéon)
ἰατήρ (iatḗr)
ἰατήριον (iatḗrion)
ἰατής (iatḗs)
ἰατικός (iatikós)
ἰατορία (iatoría)
ἰατός (iatós)
ἰᾱτρός (iātrós)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἰάομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 573