回む
Old Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 回 |
| た Grade: 2 |
| irregular |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 廻む 迂む |
Etymology
Appears to be cognate with 玉 (tama, “ball, bead”) and modern Japanese 訛む (damu, “to speak hoarsely, or with an accent”).
Pronunciation
- Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
- (the Heian period) LF
- (the Kamakura period) LH
- ※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: [1]
Verb
回む (tamu) (kana たむ)
- to turn around, go around
- to bend
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 11, poem 2363:
- 岡前多未足道乎人莫通在乍毛公之來曲道爲
- woka-saki1 no tami2taru mi1ti wo pi1to2 na kayo1pi1 so2 aritutu mo ki1mi1 ga ki1 masamu yo2ki2mi1ti ni semu
- A bending road in front of the hill; don't pass through here by the others forever. I want to make it a secret path where you will come.
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "回む" (マ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 回み | たみ | tami |
| Continuative (連用形) | 回み | たみ | tami |
| Terminal (終止形) | 回む | たむ | tamu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 回むる | たむる | tamuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 回むれ | たむれ | tamure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 回みよ | たみよ | tamiyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 回みず | たみず | tamizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 回むれど | たむれど | tamuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 回むれば | たむれば | tamureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 回みば | たみば | tamiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 回みき | たみき | tamiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 回みけり | たみけり | tamikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 回みつ | たみつ | tamitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 回みぬ | たみぬ | taminu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 回みたり | たみたり | tamitari |
| Volitional | 回みむ | たみむ | tamimu |
References
- ^ Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Dai-ni-han Henshū I'inkai (日本国語大辞典第二版編集委員会) (2001-2002), 日本国語大辞典 第二版 [Unabridged Japanese Dictionary: Second Edition], Tokyo (東京都): Shōgakukan (小学館), →ISBN