在位

Chinese

		(located) at; in; exist (located) at; in; exist; (before verbs) immediately involved in; right in the middle of doing	position; location; (measure word for persons) position; location; (measure word for persons); place; seat
simp. and trad. (在位)		在	位

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zàiwèi

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˋ ㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi⁶ wai⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhai-vi

(Meixian, Guangdong): cai⁴ vi⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chāi-ūi / chǎi-ūi

(Teochew, Peng'im): do⁶ ui⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zàiwèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˋ ㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zàiwèi
  - Wade–Giles: tsai⁴-wei⁴
  - Yale: dzài-wèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaywey
  - Palladius: цзайвэй (czajvɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)⁺
  - Jyutping: zoi⁶ wai⁶
  - Yale: joih waih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi⁶ wai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zoi⁶ wei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːi̯²² wɐi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhai-vi
  - Hakka Romanization System: cai vi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cai⁴ vi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵ vi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cai⁴ vi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ʋi⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chāi-ūi
  - Tâi-lô: tsāi-uī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaixui
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sai²²⁻²¹ ui²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai³³⁻²¹ ui³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai³³⁻¹¹ ui³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǎi-ūi
  - Tâi-lô: tsǎi-uī
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai²² ui⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: do⁶ ui⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŏ ūi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /to³⁵⁻¹¹ ui¹¹/

Middle Chinese: dzojX|dzojH hwijH

Rime
Character	在	在	位
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	從 (15)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	咍 (41)	脂 (18)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I	III
Fanqie	昨宰切	昨代切	于愧切
Baxter	dzojX	dzojH	hwijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zʌi^X/	/d͡zʌi^H/	/ɦˠiuɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zəi^X/	/d͡zəi^H/	/ɦʷᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɒi^X/	/d͡zɒi^H/	/ɣiuɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zəj^X/	/d͡zəj^H/	/ɦjwi^H/
Li Rong	/d͡zᴀi^X/	/d͡zᴀi^H/	/ɣjui^H/
Wang Li	/d͡zɒi^X/	/d͡zɒi^H/	/ɣwi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱɑ̆i^X/	/d͡zʱɑ̆i^H/	/wi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zài	zài	wèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoi⁶	zoi⁶	wai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤəʔ [ɢ]ʷrəp-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*zlɯːʔ|zlɯːs ɢʷrɯbs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	在	位
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zài	wèi
Middle Chinese	‹ dzoj^X ›	‹ hwij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁəʔ/	/[ɢ]ʷrəp-s/ (< ɢʷəʔ-rəp-s ?)
English	be at, be present	standing, position
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	在	在	位
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	1064	1065	7865
Phonetic component	才	才	立
Rime group	之	之	內
Rime subdivision	0	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	在	載	位
Old Chinese	/*zlɯːʔ/	/*zlɯːs/	/*ɢʷrɯbs/

Verb

在位

to reign; to hold the throne
- 舜生三十徵庸，三十在位，五十載，陟方乃死。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  舜生三十征庸，三十在位，五十载，陟方乃死。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE
  Shùn shēng sānshí zhēngyōng, sānshí zàiwèi, wǔshí zǎi, zhìfāng nǎi sǐ. [Pinyin]
  In the thirtieth year of his age, Shun was called to employment. Thirty years he was on the throne. Fifty years afterwards he went on high (i.e. to the Heaven) and died.
to hold a certain position

Synonyms

(reign): (archaic) 立朝 (lìcháo)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (在位):

→ Japanese: 在(ざい)位(い) (zaī)
→ Korean: 재위(在位) (jaewi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
在	位
ざい Grade: 5	い Grade: 4
on'yomi

Noun

在(ざい)位(い) • (zaii)

reign
holding a certain position

Verb

在(ざい)位(い)する • (zaii suru) suru (stem 在(ざい)位(い)し (zaii shi), past 在(ざい)位(い)した (zaii shita))

to reign, to hold the throne
to hold a certain position

Conjugation

Conjugation of "在位する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	在位し	ざいいし	zaii shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	在位し	ざいいし	zaii shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	在位する	ざいいする	zaii suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	在位する	ざいいする	zaii suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	在位すれ	ざいいすれ	zaii sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	在位せよ¹ 在位しろ²	ざいいせよ¹ ざいいしろ²	zaii seyo¹ zaii shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	在位される	ざいいされる	zaii sareru
Causative	在位させる在位さす	ざいいさせるざいいさす	zaii saseru zaii sasu
Potential	在位できる	ざいいできる	zaii dekiru
Volitional	在位しよう	ざいいしよう	zaii shiyō
Negative	在位しない	ざいいしない	zaii shinai
Negative continuative	在位せず	ざいいせず	zaii sezu
Formal	在位します	ざいいします	zaii shimasu
Perfective	在位した	ざいいした	zaii shita
Conjunctive	在位して	ざいいして	zaii shite
Hypothetical conditional	在位すれば	ざいいすれば	zaii sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative