孟春

Chinese

		first month; eldest brother; surname	spring (time); gay; joyful spring (time); gay; joyful; youthful; love; lust; life
simp. and trad. (孟春)		孟	春

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mèngchūn

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˋ ㄔㄨㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): maang⁶ ceon¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): men-chhûn

(Hailu, HRS): men^˖ chun^ˋ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bēng-chhun

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mèngchūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˋ ㄔㄨㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mèngchun
  - Wade–Giles: mêng⁴-chʻun¹
  - Yale: mèng-chwūn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: menqchuen
  - Palladius: мэнчунь (mɛnčunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)⁺
  - Jyutping: maang⁶ ceon¹
  - Yale: maahng chēun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maang⁶ tsoen¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: mang⁶ cên¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːŋ²² t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: men-chhûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: men cun^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: men⁴ cun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /men⁵⁵ t͡sʰun²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: men^˖ chun^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /men³³ t͡ʃʰun⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bēng-chhun
  - Tâi-lô: bīng-tshun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bexngzhwn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: maengH tsyhwin

Rime
Character	孟	春
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	莫更切	昌脣切
Baxter	maengH	tsyhwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠæŋ^H/	/t͡ɕʰiuɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚaŋ^H/	/t͡ɕʰʷin/
Shao Rongfen	/maŋ^H/	/t͡ɕʰjuen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨjŋ^H/	/cʰwin/
Li Rong	/mɐŋ^H/	/t͡ɕʰiuĕn/
Wang Li	/mɐŋ^H/	/t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mɐŋ^H/	/t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mèng	chūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mang⁶	ceon¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤraŋ-s tʰun/

(Zhengzhang): /*mraːŋs tʰjun/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孟	春
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mèng	chūn
Middle Chinese	‹ mæng^H ›	‹ tsyhwin ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁraŋ-s/	/*tʰun/
English	eldest, great	springtime
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孟	春
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9152	12573
Phonetic component	皿	屯
Rime group	陽	文
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	孟	春
Old Chinese	/*mraːŋs/	/*tʰjun/
Notes		說文從艸從日屯聲，實屯繁化轉註字

Noun

孟春

the first month of spring
first month of the traditional Chinese calendar

Coordinate terms

仲春 (zhòngchūn)
季春 (jìchūn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (孟春):

→ Japanese: 孟春(もうしゅん}) (mōshun})
→ Korean: 맹춘(孟春) (maengchun)
→ Vietnamese: mạnh xuân (孟春)

References

“Entry #12118”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
孟	春
もう Jinmeiyō	しゅん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) もーしゅん [mòóshúń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [mo̞ːɕɨ̃ɴ]

Noun

孟(もう)春(しゅん) • (mōshun) ^{←まうしゆん (mausyun)^?}

the beginning of spring
first month of the traditional Japanese calendar
Coordinate terms: 孟春, 仲春, 季春, 孟夏, 仲夏, 季夏, 孟秋, 仲秋, 季秋, 孟冬, 仲冬, 季冬

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ “孟春”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

“^▲孟春”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Hanja in this term
孟	春

Noun

孟春 • (maengchun) (hangeul 맹춘)

hanja form^? of 맹춘

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
孟	春

Noun

孟春

chữ Hán form of mạnh xuân