念じる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 念 |
| ねん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi |
Etymology
Shift from verb 念ずる (nenzuru), by natural progression from サ行変格活用 (sagyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs ending in -uru to 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) ねんじる [nèńjírú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- (Tokyo) ねんじる [nèńjíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
- IPA(key): [nẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑiɾɯ̟]
Verb
念じる • (nenjiru) transitive ichidan (stem 念じ (nenji), past 念じた (nenjita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "念じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 念じ | ねんじ | nenji | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 念じ | ねんじ | nenji | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 念じる | ねんじる | nenjiru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 念じる | ねんじる | nenjiru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 念じれ | ねんじれ | nenjire | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 念じよ¹ 念じろ² |
ねんじよ¹ ねんじろ² |
nenjiyo¹ nenjiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 念じられる | ねんじられる | nenjirareru | |
| Causative | 念じさせる 念じさす |
ねんじさせる ねんじさす |
nenjisaseru nenjisasu | |
| Potential | 念じられる 念じれる³ |
ねんじられる ねんじれる³ |
nenjirareru nenjireru³ | |
| Volitional | 念じよう | ねんじよう | nenjiyō | |
| Negative | 念じない 念じぬ 念じん |
ねんじない ねんじぬ ねんじん |
nenjinai nenjinu nenjin | |
| Negative continuative | 念じず | ねんじず | nenjizu | |
| Formal | 念じます | ねんじます | nenjimasu | |
| Perfective | 念じた | ねんじた | nenjita | |
| Conjunctive | 念じて | ねんじて | nenjite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 念じれば | ねんじれば | nenjireba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “念じる”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025