柳
See also: 枊
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Translingual
Han character
柳 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木竹竹中 (DHHL), four-corner 47920, composition ⿰木卯)
Derived characters
- 𩋶, 𦵂
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 521, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14662
- Dae Jaweon: page 909, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1187, character 2
- Unihan data for U+67F3
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
柳 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 柳 | |
|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 卯 | *mruːʔ |
| 昴 | *mruːʔ |
| 泖 | *mruːʔ |
| 茆 | *mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ |
| 奅 | *m̥ʰruːs |
| 窌 | *m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus |
| 聊 | *m·rɯːw |
| 貿 | *mlus |
| 鄮 | *mlus |
| 劉 | *m·ru |
| 留 | *m·ru, *m·rus |
| 蒥 | *m·ru |
| 鶹 | *m·ru |
| 騮 | *m·ru |
| 榴 | *m·ru |
| 瑠 | *ru |
| 瘤 | *m·ru, *m·rus |
| 遛 | *m·ru |
| 鎦 | *m·ru |
| 飀 | *m·ru |
| 鰡 | *m·ru |
| 嵧 | *m·ru |
| 餾 | *m·ru, *m·rus |
| 瀏 | *m·ru, *m·ruʔ |
| 懰 | *m·ru, *m·ruʔ |
| 柳 | *m·ruʔ |
| 珋 | *m·ruʔ |
| 罶 | *m·ruʔ |
| 嬼 | *m·ruʔ, *m·rus |
| 溜 | *m·rus |
| 霤 | *m·rus |
| 廇 | *m·rus |
| 塯 | *m·rus |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *m·ruʔ): semantic 木 + phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) in oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions.
Later 桺 (semantic 木 + phonetic 丣 (OC *luʔ)) in small seal script.
The glyph finally turned back to 木 (mù) + 卯 (mǎo) in the current form.
Etymology
Smith (2011) reconstructs *[m-]ruʔ, with volitional or agentic prefix *m- (see Sagart, 1999) and root verb 流 (OC r(j)u) "to flow", resulting in *m-ruu "(cause to flow >) pour out, empty". If unprefixed, 柳 means "the flowing one"; if prefixed, "the pouring one". Recall English weeping willow.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lau5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): liou2
- Eastern Min (BUC): liū
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): liu3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6lieu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: liǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: liǒu
- Wade–Giles: liu3
- Yale: lyǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leou
- Palladius: лю (lju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: lau5
- Yale: láuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: lau5
- Guangdong Romanization: leo5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɐu̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liû / liú
- Hakka Romanization System: liuˊ / liuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: liu1 / liu3
- Sinological IPA: /li̯u²⁴/, /li̯u³¹/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: liu3 / liu1
- Sinological IPA: /liu³¹/, /liu⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: liu3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: liû
- Sinological IPA (key): /liu⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: liu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /liu³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liú
- Tâi-lô: liú
- Phofsit Daibuun: liuo
- IPA (Xiamen): /liu⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liu⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /liu⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /liu⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: liu2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liú
- Sinological IPA (key): /liu⁵²/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: ljuwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*([m]ə.)ruʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*m·ruʔ/
Definitions
柳
- willow, a member of the genus Salix
- (in compounds) fillet
- (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Willow mansion (one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions)
- a surname
- 柳宗元 ― Liǔ Zōngyuán ― Liu Zongyuan (Tang dynasty writer)
Compounds
- 三春柳
- 五柳先生
- 人柳
- 傍柳隨花 / 傍柳随花
- 傍花隨柳 / 傍花随柳
- 分花拂柳 (fēn huā fú liǔ)
- 問柳尋花 / 问柳寻花
- 問柳評花 / 问柳评花
- 垂柳 (chuíliǔ)
- 垂楊柳 / 垂杨柳
- 大柳 (Dàliǔ)
- 大柳樹 / 大柳树 (Dàliǔshù)
- 射柳
- 尋花問柳 / 寻花问柳 (xúnhuāwènliǔ)
- 尋芳問柳 / 寻芳问柳 (xúnfāngwènliǔ)
- 川柳
- 廣柳車 / 广柳车
- 弄柳拈花
- 弱柳扶風 / 弱柳扶风
- 折柳 (zhéliǔ)
- 折柳攀花
- 摧花斫柳
- 攀花折柳
- 敗柳 / 败柳
- 敗柳殘花 / 败柳残花
- 杞柳 (qǐliǔ)
- 柳丁 (liǔdīng)
- 柳啼花怨
- 柳嚲鶯嬌 / 柳亸莺娇
- 柳如是
- 柳媚花明
- 柳子戲 / 柳子戏
- 柳字
- 柳安 (liǔ'ān)
- 柳宿 (Liǔxiù)
- 柳山湖 (Liǔshānhú)
- 柳州 (Liǔzhōu)
- 柳巷花街
- 柳帶 / 柳带 (liǔdài)
- 柳影花陰 / 柳影花阴
- 柳戶花門 / 柳户花门
- 柳拐子病 (liǔguǎizibìng)
- 柳暗花明 (liǔ'ànhuāmíng)
- 柳杉
- 柳林 (Liǔlín)
- 柳枝
- 柳柳驚 / 柳柳惊
- 柳條 / 柳条 (liǔtiáo)
- 柳棉 (liǔmián)
- 柳橙 (liǔchéng)
- 柳樹 / 柳树 (liǔshù)
- 柳樹𨟠 / 柳树𨟠 (Liǔshùquān)
- 柳毅傳 / 柳毅传
- 柳毅傳書 / 柳毅传书
- 柳氏傳 / 柳氏传
- 柳溝 / 柳沟 (Liǔgōu)
- 柳營 / 柳营 (Liǔyíng)
- 柳琴 (liǔqín)
- 柳田
- 柳眉
- 柳眉倒豎 / 柳眉倒竖
- 柳眉剔豎 / 柳眉剔竖
- 柳眉踢豎 / 柳眉踢竖
- 柳眼
- 柳絲 / 柳丝
- 柳絮 (liǔxù)
- 柳綿 / 柳绵 (liǔmián)
- 柳綠桃紅 / 柳绿桃红
- 柳綠花紅 / 柳绿花红
- 柳線 / 柳线
- 柳聖花神 / 柳圣花神
- 柳腔
- 柳腰
- 柳花毬 / 柳花球
- 柳葉 / 柳叶
- 柳葉兒 / 柳叶儿
- 柳葉刀 / 柳叶刀 (liǔyèdāo)
- 柳葉描 / 柳叶描
- 柳葉眉 / 柳叶眉
- 柳蔭 / 柳荫
- 柳蘭 / 柳兰 (liǔlán, “fireweed”)
- 柳衙
- 柳門花戶 / 柳门花户
- 柳陂 (Liǔbēi)
- 柳陌花巷
- 柳陌花街
- 柳陌花衢
- 柳陰 / 柳阴 (liǔyīn)
- 柳青
- 柳骨
- 柳體 / 柳体
- 柳鶯 / 柳莺
- 桃柳爭妍 / 桃柳争妍
- 桃紅柳綠 / 桃红柳绿
- 楊柳 / 杨柳 (yángliǔ)
- 楊柳腰 / 杨柳腰
- 楊柳青 / 杨柳青
- 檉柳 / 柽柳 (chēngliǔ)
- 櫸柳 / 榉柳 (jǔliǔ)
- 殘花敗柳 / 残花败柳 (cánhuābàiliǔ)
- 水瓜柳 (shuǐguāliǔ)
- 河柳
- 浦柳
- 牆花路柳 / 墙花路柳
- 片柳子
- 牛柳 (niúliǔ)
- 白柳 (Báiliǔ)
- 眠花宿柳
- 眠花臥柳 / 眠花卧柳
- 眠花醉柳
- 紅柳 / 红柳 (hóngliǔ)
- 紅柳灘 / 红柳滩 (Hóngliǔtān)
- 細柳 / 细柳
- 細柳營 / 细柳营
- 綠楊垂柳 / 绿杨垂柳
- 花明柳媚
- 花明柳暗
- 花柳 (huāliǔ)
- 花柳之姿
- 花柳叢 / 花柳丛
- 花柳營 / 花柳营
- 花柳病 (huāliǔbìng)
- 花紅柳綠 / 花红柳绿 (huāhóngliǔlǜ)
- 花街柳巷 (huājiēliǔxiàng)
- 花街柳陌
- 花說柳說 / 花说柳说
- 花遮柳掩
- 花遮柳隱 / 花遮柳隐
- 花門柳戶 / 花门柳户
- 菀柳
- 蒲柳
- 蒲柳之姿 (púliǔzhīzī)
- 西河柳
- 覓柳尋花 / 觅柳寻花
- 觀音柳 / 观音柳
- 路柳牆花 / 路柳墙花
- 野柳 (Yěliǔ)
- 銀柳 / 银柳 (yínliǔ)
- 陶潛五柳 / 陶潜五柳
- 雞柳 / 鸡柳 (jīliǔ)
- 雙柳 / 双柳 (Shuāngliǔ)
- 雪柳 (xuěliǔ)
- 霸陵折柳
- 韓柳 / 韩柳
- 章臺柳 / 章台柳
- 章臺楊柳 / 章台杨柳
- 顏柳 / 颜柳
- 顏筋柳骨 / 颜筋柳骨
- 顏骨柳筋 / 颜骨柳筋
- 麻柳 (Máliǔ)
References
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01909
- “柳”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
柳
Readings
- Go-on: る (ru)
- Kan-on: りゅう (ryū, Jōyō)←りう (riu, historical)
- Kun: やなぎ (yanagi, 柳, Jōyō)、やぎ (yagi, 柳)
- Nanori: なぎ (nagi)、や (ya)、やい (yai)、やな (yana)、やない (yanai)
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柳 |
| やなぎ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 柳 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 柳, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柳 |
| やぎ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 柳 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 柳, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柳 |
| りゅう Grade: S |
| kan'on |
/riu/ → /rjuː/
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 柳 (MC ljuwX). While the affix is cited in the 700s with this reading, the proper noun is first cited to a text from the mid-1400s.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɾʲɨː]
Affix
- [from 700s] willow, especially weeping willow
- [from 700s] thin as a willow leaf
Derived terms
Proper noun
- [from mid-1400s] (Chinese astronomy) the Willow as one of the twenty-eight mansions
- Synonym: 柳宿 (Ryūshuku)
- a female given name
- a surname
References
- ^ “柳”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- “柳”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
Korean
Hanja
柳 (eumhun 버들 류 (beodeul ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 버들 유 (beodeul yu))
- hanja form? of 류/유 (“willow tree”)
Vietnamese
Han character
柳: Hán Nôm readings: liễu, lẫu, lãu
Zhuang
Noun
柳