犁

See also: 犂

犁	U+7281, 犁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7281

← 犀
[U+7280]

CJK Unified Ideographs

犂 →
[U+7282]

Translingual

Han character

犁 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓竹手 (HNHQ), four-corner 2250₀, composition ⿱利牛)

plough

Derived characters

𠼐, 𬬁, 𩥴, 䔣

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 701, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20037
Dae Jaweon: page 1114, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1811, character 1
Unihan data for U+7281

Chinese

simp. and trad.		犁
2nd round simp.		牞
alternative forms		犂𤙟𥝫䵓𤛺犂𤙟𥝫䵓𤛺𤛿

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 犁
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
犁	riːl, ril
黎	*riːl
莉	riːl, r'il, *r'i
黧	*riːl
鯬	riːl, ril
筣	riːl, ri
蔾	riːl, ril
藜	*riːl
邌	*riːl
瓈	*riːl
鵹	*rel
棃	*ril
梨	*ril
蟍	*ril
蜊	*ril
鑗	*ril
利	*rids
痢	*rids
浰	*riːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *riːl, *ril): phonetic 利 (OC *rids) + semantic 牛 (“cow”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): lí (li²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni²
Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lài

(Hailu, HRS): lai
Eastern Min (BUC): là̤
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): le²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lê / lôe / lêre

(Teochew, Peng'im): loi⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶li

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lí
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lí
  - Wade–Giles: li²
  - Yale: lí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ni²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
  - Jyutping: lai⁴
  - Yale: làih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lài
  - Hakka Romanization System: lai^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lai²
  - Sinological IPA: /lai̯¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: lai
  - Sinological IPA: /lai⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: là̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: le²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lá̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /le¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: le²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /le²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
  - Tâi-lô: lê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lee
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /le²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /le¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lôe
  - Tâi-lô: luê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loee
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen): /lue²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêre
  - Tâi-lô: lerê

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- lê - literary;
- lôe - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: loi⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lôi
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /loi⁵⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶li
  - MiniDict: li^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/

Middle Chinese: lej

Rime
Character	犁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎奚切
Baxter	lej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lei/
Pan Wuyun	/lei/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛj/
Li Rong	/lei/
Wang Li	/liei/
Bernhard Karlgren	/liei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤ[i]j/, /*[r][i]j/

(Zhengzhang): /*riːl/, /*ril/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犁	犁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lí	lí
Middle Chinese	‹ lej ›	‹ lij ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁ[i]j/	/*[r][i]j/
English	plow	plow (n., v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犁	犁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	7879	7894
Phonetic component	利	利
Rime group	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	黎	棃
Old Chinese	/*riːl/	/*ril/

Definitions

犁

plough
to plough
(literary) to destroy
a surname, Li

Synonyms

(to plough):

edit

作 (Hokkien, Teochew)
穓 (yì) (literary)
耕 (gēng)
耕作 (gēngzuò)
耕地 (gēngdì)
農耕 / 农耕 (nónggēng)

Compounds

伊犁 (Yīlí)
伊犁條約 / 伊犁条约
伊犁河 (Yīlí Hé)
伊犁縱谷 / 伊犁纵谷
伊犁馬 / 伊犁马
套犁
尉犁 (Yùlí)
扒犁
拽欛扶犁
拽耙扶犁
掃穴犁庭 / 扫穴犁庭
泥犁
火犁
爬犁 (pálí)
牛犁 (niúlí)
犁地
犁庭
犁庭掃穴 / 犁庭扫穴 (lítíngsǎoxué)
犁庭掃閭 / 犁庭扫闾
犁然
犁牛之子
犁田 (lítián)
犁舌獄 / 犁舌狱
犁轎 / 犁轿
犁鏵 / 犁铧 (líhuá)
犁鏵大鼓 / 犁铧大鼓
祝犁
耕犁
耬犁 / 耧犁
鋤犁 / 锄犁 (chúlí)
馬拉犁 / 马拉犁

References

“犁”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

Japanese

Kanji

犁

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): り (ri)、れい (rei)
Kun: すき (suki)

Korean

Hanja

犁 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)

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Vietnamese

Han character

犁: Hán Nôm readings: lê

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