義民

Chinese

		justice; righteousness; meaning	the people; nationality; citizen
trad. (義民)		義	民
simp. (义民)		义	民

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yìmín

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngi-mìn

(Hailu, HRS): ngi^˖ min
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gī-bîn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yìmín
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yìmín
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴-min²
  - Yale: yì-mín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yihmin
  - Palladius: иминь (iminʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹ min³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngi-mìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngi min^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngi⁴ min²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵⁵ min¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngi^˖ min
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi³³ min⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gī-bîn
  - Tâi-lô: gī-bîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gixbiin
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡi³³⁻²¹ bin²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡi³³⁻¹¹ bin²⁴/

Middle Chinese: ngjeH mjin

Rime
Character	義	民
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	支 (13)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	宜寄切	彌鄰切
Baxter	ngjeH	mjin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiᴇ^H/	/miɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚiɛ^H/	/min/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɛ^H/	/mjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjiə̆^H/	/min/
Li Rong	/ŋje^H/	/miĕn/
Wang Li	/ŋǐe^H/	/mĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋie̯^H/	/mi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì	mín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji⁶	man⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ(r)aj-s mi[ŋ]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋrals min/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	義	民
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì	mín
Middle Chinese	‹ ngje^H ›	‹ mjin ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ(r)aj-s/	/*mi[ŋ]/
English	duty; justice	people
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	義	民
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13045	9130
Phonetic component	我	民
Rime group	歌	眞
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	議	民
Old Chinese	/*ŋrals/	/*min/

Noun

義民

people who uphold righteousness, justice, and moral principles in their actions; civilians or citizens whose behavior conforms to moral duty and who act according to principles of loyalty and justice

Derived terms

義民廟 / 义民庙
義民爺 / 义民爷
義民節 / 义民节

References

“義民”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “義民”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎^[1] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC