翼

翼 (Kangxi radical 124, 羽+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 尸一田廿金 (SMWTC), four-corner 1780₁, composition ⿱羽異)

• 𰃇, 𰋄, 瀷, 𨙒, 𤒩, 𬓝, 𥤌, 𮷃, 𦔫, 𫍖, 𧾰, 𫓢, 龮, 𪧴, 𧃟, 㢞, 𤼌, 𠥦

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 959, character 34
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28801
• Dae Jaweon: page 1406, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3356, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7FFC

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lɯɡ): semantic 羽 + phonetic 異 (OC *lɯɡs).

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV-lak (“arm, hand, wing”), especially if the Old Chinese is reconstructed with *l- (Schuessler, 2007; Handel, 2009). Cognate with 腋 (OC *laːɡ, “armpit”), Tibetan ལག་པ (lag pa, “hand, arm”), Burmese လက် (lak, “hand, arm”).

However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct the Old Chinese with *-p instead of *-k because of evidence from the oracle bones, making it difficult to compare to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak. The shift from the original version *ɢrəp to a later version *ɢrək is due to dialectal variation.

Sagart (2020) proposes a revised Old Chinese reconstruction *m-rəp, which he compares to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/b-ram (“rib”).

翼

1. (literary or dialectal) wing (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 對／对 c)

   • 唯龍無翼者，升則乘雲 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     唯龙无翼者，升则乘云 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 80 CE, 王充 (Wang Chong), 《論衡·道虛篇》

     wéi lóng wú yì zhě, shēng zé chéngyún [Pinyin]

     only dragons do not have wings; when they ascend they ride upon the clouds

2. wing (of an airplane)
3. (figurative) wing; flank

   右翼  ―  yòuyì  ―  right-wing (politics); right flank (military)

4. (Chinese astronomy) the Wings mansion, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
5. (literary, or in compounds) to assist
6. a surname, Yi

• (wing):

• (to help):

• (antonym(s) of “to help”):

翼

1. (Teochew) moth (insect of the order Lepidoptera)

• “翼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 郭启熹 [Guo, Qixi], editor (2016), “翼”, in 龙岩方言词典 LONGYAN FANGYAN CIDIAN [Dictionary of Longyan dialect] (overall work in Min Nan and Mandarin), Xiamen: 鷺江出版社 [Lujiang Publishing House], →ISBN, page 60.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “翼”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 264.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “509 翅膀”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 340.

(Jōyō kanji)

• Go-on: いき (iki)
• Kan-on: よく (yoku, Jōyō)
• Kun: つばさ (tsubasa, 翼, Jōyō)、たすける (tasukeru, 翼ける)
• Nanori: すけ (suke)、たすく (tasuku)、つばさ (tsubasa)

/tubasa/ → /t͡subasa/

From Old Japanese.

Possibly a shift from a compound of 鳥(と) (to, “bird”) + 総(ふさ) (fusa, “tassel”).

• (Tokyo) つばさ [tsùbásá] (Heiban – [0])^[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨba̠sa̠]

翼(つばさ) • (tsubasa) 

1. a wing (of a bird or bat)
   • 2015 September 19, “輝(き)銀(ぎん)の天空船(スカイシップ)－レオ号(ごう) [Silvery Skyship – Mk. Leo]”, in EXTRA PACK 2015, Konami:

     輝(き)銀(ぎん)の翼(つばさ)は栄(えい)光(こう)の印(しるし)。
     その証(あかし)は言(こと)葉(ば)によって語(かた)られる。

     Kigin no tsubasa wa eikō no shirushi.
     Sono akashi wa kotoba ni yotte katarareru.

     Her silvery wings display her glory.
     The proof of her glories are told in legend.

2. (by extension) a bird

   Synonyms: 鳥 (tori), 鳥類 (chōrui)

3. (aviation) an airfoil, wing
4. (by extension) an aircraft

• 羽(はね) (hane)

翼(つばさ) • (Tsubasa) 

1. a unisex given name
2. a surname

From Middle Chinese 翼 (MC yik).

• (Tokyo) よく [yóꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [jo̞kɯ̟]

翼(よく) • (yoku) 

1. a wing (of a bird or insect)

   Synonym: 羽翼 (uyoku)

2. (aviation) an airfoil
3. (military) a flank
4. a blade (of a propeller, turbine, etc.) with the same cross section of an aircraft wing

翼(よく) • (-yoku) 

1. counter for wings of birds
2. (by extension) counter for birds
3. counter for boats

   Synonyms: 隻 (seki), 艘 (sō)

翼(よく) • (yoku) 

1. wing (of a bird, insect, aircraft, etc.)
2. (by extension) something overhanging both left and right, like a wing
3. assist, help, support

翼(よく) • (Yoku) 

1. (Chinese astronomy) the Wings constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions

   Synonym: 襷星 (Tasukiboshi)

2. a female given name

Nominalization of classical verb 助く (tasuku), modern 助ける (tasukeru, “to assist, help; rescue, save”).

翼(たすく) • (Tasuku) 

1. a female given name

• “翼”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

翼 (eumhun 날개 익 (nalgae ik))

1. wings
2. fins (of a fish)
3. shelter

• 翅

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

翼 (tubasa) (kana つばさ)

1. a wing (of a bird)
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 10, poem 2238:
     , text here

     天飛也鴈之翅乃覆羽之何處漏香霜之零異牟

     amato₂bu ya kari no₂ tubasa no₂ opopi₁ba no₂ iduku morite ka simo no₂ purike₁mu

     Flying in the sky, a wild goose having wings; it's warming feather, that's leaking somewhere out there; a frost seems to have fallen.

• Japanese: 翼 (つばさ, tsubasa)

翼: Hán Nôm readings: dực

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.