馬頭

See also: 马头

Chinese

		horse; surname	head; (noun suffix)
trad. (馬頭)		馬	頭
simp. (马头)		马	头

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mǎtóu

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): maa⁵ tau⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bé-thâu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mǎtóu
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mǎtóu
  - Wade–Giles: ma³-tʻou²
  - Yale: mǎ-tóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maatour
  - Palladius: матоу (matou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
  - Jyutping: maa⁵ tau⁴
  - Yale: máh tàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maa⁵ tau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ma⁵ teo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maː¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    碼頭 / 码头
    馬頭 / 马头
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé-thâu
  - Tâi-lô: bé-thâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: beftaau
  - IPA (Xiamen): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰau²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²³/

Middle Chinese: maeX duw

Rime
Character	馬	頭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	莫下切	度侯切
Baxter	maeX	duw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠa^X/	/dəu/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚa^X/	/dəu/
Shao Rongfen	/ma^X/	/dəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨ^X/	/dəw/
Li Rong	/ma^X/	/du/
Wang Li	/ma^X/	/dəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ma^X/	/dʱə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǎ	tóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	maa⁵	tau⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤraʔ [m-t]ˤo/

(Zhengzhang): /*mraːʔ doː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	馬	頭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mǎ	tóu
Middle Chinese	‹ mæ^X ›	‹ duw ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁraʔ/	/*[m-t]ˁo/
English	horse	head
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	馬	頭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8715	2465
Phonetic component	馬	豆
Rime group	魚	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	馬	頭
Old Chinese	/*mraːʔ/	/*doː/

Noun

馬頭

(literal) a horse's head
(archaic) the head of a stableboy

Derived terms

馬頭琴 / 马头琴 (mǎtóuqín)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): maa⁵ tau^4-2

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)⁺
  - Jyutping: maa⁵ tau^4-2
  - Yale: máh táu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maa⁵ tau^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: ma⁵ teo^4-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maː¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Noun

馬頭

(chiefly Cantonese) horsehead; Branchiostegus auratus or Branchiostegus argentatus

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 馬頭 – see 碼頭 (“pier”). (This term is a variant form of 碼頭).

Japanese

Kanji in this term
馬	頭
め Grade: 2	ず Grade: 2
on'yomi

Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit अश्वशीर्ष (aśvaśīrṣa).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) めず [méꜜzù] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [me̞zɨ]

Proper noun

馬(め)頭(ず) • (Mezu) ^{←めづ (Medu)^?}

(Buddhism, Chinese mythology, Japanese mythology) Horse-Head, one of the two guardians of hell

See also

References

“^△馬頭”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025