| worn out old horses | horse; surname | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (駑馬) | 駑 | 馬 | |
| simp. (驽马) | 驽 | 马 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 駑 | 馬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 乃都切 | 莫下切 |
| Baxter | nu | maeX |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/nuo/ | /mˠaX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/nuo/ | /mᵚaX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/no/ | /maX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/nɔ/ | /maɨX/ |
| Li Rong |
/no/ | /maX/ |
| Wang Li |
/nu/ | /maX/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren |
/nuo/ | /maX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
nú | mǎ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
nou4 | maa5 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 馬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
mǎ |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ mæX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*mˁraʔ/ |
| English | horse |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 駑 | 馬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9602 | 8715 |
| Phonetic component |
女 | 馬 |
| Rime group |
魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
奴 | 馬 |
| Old Chinese |
/*naː/ | /*mraːʔ/ |
駑馬