𐏋

• 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 (x-š-a-y-θ-i-y)

From *xšāyaθah (“wielding of power”), derived from the root *xšay (“to be in power”) + -𐎡𐎹 (-i-y /⁠-iyaʰ⁠/, adjectival suffix). Inherited from Proto-Iranian *xšáyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáyati (“he rules, he has power over”), whence Sanskrit क्षयति (kṣáyati); from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to gain power over, gain control over”).

Likely a borrowing from Old Median, being a doublet of 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (xšaçam, “realm, province”). Cognate with Sanskrit क्षत्र (kṣatrá, “might, power”), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (xšaθra, “kingdom”), Bactrian ϸαο (šao), Old Armenian աշխարհ (ašxarh), Ancient Greek κτάομαι (ktáomai, “to get, acquire”).^[1]

𐏋 (XŠ /xšāyaθiyaʰ/)

1. king

• Middle Persian: 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (MLKA /⁠šāh⁠/)
  • Persian: شاه (šâh) (see there for further descendants)