-ਇਆ

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /-ɪ.(j)äː/
  • (dialectal) IPA^(key): [-e.jäː], [-ə̆.jäː]
• Rhymes: -äː

Inherited from Sanskrit -इत (-ita), (with a later extension in MIA) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-). The intervocalic -t- was elided in most cases resulting in its current form. (Though there may be exceptions such as ਕੀਤਾ (kītā), such verbs are considered irregular).

-ਇਆ • (-iā) (Shahmukhi spelling ـیا)

1. used to form the masculine singular perfective participle from verb stems

   ‎ਪੁੱਛ (puccha) + ‎-ਇਆ (-iā) → ‎ਪੁੱਛਿਆ (pucchiā)

• -ਦਾ (-dā, “habitual participle forming suffix”)

From -ਏ (-ē) + -ਆ (-ā).

-ਇਆ • (-iā)

1. case ending for masculine extended nouns ending in -ਆ (-ā):
   1. singular vocative case