-ਈਂ

Inherited from Apabhramsa -एहिं (-ehiṃ) or a variant of such ending, which can be found in the locative and instrumental cases of all Apabhramsa stems.

-ਈਂ • (-ī̃)

1. (rare) case ending for unextended nouns:
   1. plural locative case
   2. plural instrumental case

Inherited from Apabhramsa -इज्ज (-ijja, indicative third-person present passive), from Prakrit -इज्ज (-ijja, indicative third-person present passive). However, the introduction of vowel nasalization complicates this etymology somewhat. A variant of this affix without nasalization is also present in Old Punjabi verbs.

-ਈਂ • (-ī̃)

1. (rare) in Western Punjabi dialects, an affix which forms the present passive participle in verbs

   Synonyms: -ਈ (-ī), ਜਾਣਾ (jāṇā)

   ‎ਕਰਦਾ (kardā, “he does [it]”) + ‎-ਈਂ (-ī̃) → ‎ਕਰੀਂਦਾ (karīndā, “[it] is done by him”)

   ‎ਲੈਂਦਾ (laindā, “he takes [it]”) + ‎-ਈਂ (-ī̃) → ‎ਲਈਂਦਾ (laīndā, “[it] is taken by him”)

See -ਈ (-ī) for usage notes. It should be noted that passive participles are somewhat more extensive in some rare rural Western Punjabi dialects which preserve more archaic features.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-ਈਂ • (-ī̃)

1. Marks the second-person singular intimate imperative.

   ‎ਕਰ (kar, “do”, verb stem) + ‎-ਈਂ (-ī̃) → ‎ਕਰੀਂ (karī̃)