Leviathan

Borrowed from English leviathan (“monster”).

†Leviathan

1. A taxonomic genus within the family †Mammutidae – junior synonym of †Mammut.
2. (obsolete) A taxonomic genus within the superfamily Physeteroidea – replaced in favour of †Livyatan.

• Mammut on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Livyathan on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Leviathan (plural Leviathans)

1. Alternative letter-case form of leviathan.
   • 1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Psalm ciij:[25–26], folio xxx, recto, column 1:

     So is this greate and wyde ſee [sea] alſo, wherin are thinges crepinge innumerable, both ſmall and greate beaſtes. There go the ſhippes ouer, and there is that Leuiathan, whom thou haſt made, to take his paſtyme therin.

     Psalm 104 in modern versions of the Bible.

   • 1555, Richard Eden, “Rycharde Eden to the Reader”, in Peter Martyr of Angleria [i.e., Peter Martyr d’Anghiera], translated by Rycharde Eden, The Decades of the Newe Worlde or West India, […], London: […] [Rycharde Jug for] Guilhelmi Powell, →OCLC:

     Euen ſo do I thinke them no trewe Chryſtian men that do not reioyce with the Angels of heauen for the deliuerie of theſe owre brootherne, owre fleſſhe, and owre bones, from the handes of owre commune enemie the oulde ſerpente who hath ſo longe had them in hys poſſeſſion, vntyll the fulneſſe of the gentyles be accomplyſſhed accordynge to the time prefinite by hym, who vnto the yeare after his incarnation. M. CCCC. lxxxxii. hath ſuffered the greate ſerpente of the ſea Leuiathan, to haue ſuche dominion in the Ocean […]

   • 1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Visions of the Worlds Vanitie”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC, part 5, signature [X4], recto:

     The fomie vvaues out of the dreadfull deep, / The huge Leuiathan, dame Natures vvonder, / Making his ſport, that manie makes to vveep: […]

   • 1595, Bar[nabe] Barnes, “Invocation to the Diuine Father of Sacred Muses. Sonnet XLVIII.”, in A Divine Centurie of Spirituall Sonnets, London: […] Iohn Windet, […], →OCLC, signature [D4], recto:

     [S]eu'n times thrice more glorious the name, / By vvhich thrice povverfull vvee coniure the ſame: / VVhich but repeated doth that Dragon feare, / That olde Leuyathan vvhoſe iavves Lord teare. / […] / Then glorious Captaine, our chiefe God and man, / Breake thou the Iavves of old Leuiathan.

   • 1606, Tho[mas] Dekker, “The Deuill Let Loose, with His Answere to Pierce Pennylesse”, in Newes from Hell; […], London: […] R. B[lower, S. Stafford, and Valentine Simmes] for W. Ferebrand, […], →OCLC, signature G3, recto:

     Of this laſt requeſt, the Lacquy of this great Leuiathan, promiſde he ſhould be maiſter, but he vvould not bring him to a miles end by land, (they vvere too many to meddle vvith).

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 41:1, signature Bbb2, verso, column 1:

     Canſt thou dravv out Leuiathan vvith an hooke? or his tongue vvith a corde vvhich thou letteſt dovvne?

   • 1651, Thomas Hobbes, “Of the Causes, Generation, and Definition of a Common-wealth”, in Leviathan, or The Matter, Forme, & Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill, London: […] [William Wilson] for Andrew Crooke, […], →OCLC, 2nd part (Of Common-wealth), page 87:

     [T]he Multitude ſo united in one Perſon, is called a Common-vvealtj, in latine Civitas. This is the generation of that great Leviathan, or rather (to ſpeake more reverently) of that Mortall God, to vvhich vvee ovve under the Immortall God, our peace and defence.

   • 1656, Robert Sanderson, “[Ad Populum.] The First Sermon.”, in Twenty Sermons Formerly Preached. […], London: […] R. Norton, for Henry Seile […], →OCLC, paragraph 36, page 412:

     So can the Lord deal, and often doth, vvith the great Behemoths and Leviathans of the vvorld: […]

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature [A4], recto, lines 200–202:

     [T]hat Sea beaſt / Leviathan, vvhich God of all his vvorks / Created hugeſt that ſvvim th' Ocean ſtream: […]

   • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], “No Innate Practical Principles”, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book I, § 5, page 17:

     [I]f a Chriſtian, vvho has the view of Happineſs and Miſery in another Life, be asked vvhy a Man muſt keep his VVord, he vvill give this as a Reaſon: Becauſe God, vvho has the Povver of eternal Life and Death, requires it of us. But if an Hobbiſt [a follower of the doctrines of Thomas Hobbes] be asked vvhy; he vvill anſvver, Becauſe the Publick requires it, and the Leviathan vvill puniſh you, if you do not.

   • 1713, Edward Young, “Book III”, in A Poem on the Last Day, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Edward Whistler, →OCLC, page 69:

     High mid'ſt the Clouds the boyling Ocean roars / And looks far dovvn on his decreaſing Shoars / Leviathans in plaintive Thunder cry, / In diſtant, diſmal Pants, the long-liv'd Echos dye.

   • 1725, Homer, “Book XII”, in [William Broome], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], volume III, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC, page 149, lines 118–120:

     The Sea-dog and the Dolphin are her food; / She makes the huge Leviathan her prey, / And all the monſters of the vvat'ry vvay; […]

   • 1796, Edmund Burke, A Letter from the Right Honourable Edmund Burke to a Noble Lord, on the Attacks Made upon Him and His Pension, […], London: […] J. Owen, […], and F[rancis] and C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 37:

     The Duke of Bedford [Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford] is the Leviathan among all the creatures of the Crovvn. He tumbles about his unvvieldy bulk; he plays and frolicks in the ocean of the Royal bounty.

   • 1904, Jack London, chapter 1, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC, page 5:

     The fog seemed to break away as though split by a wedge, and the bow of a steamboat emerged, trailing fog-wreaths on either side like seaweed on the snout of Leviathan.

   • 1951, Hannah Arendt, “The Political Emancipation of the Bourgeoisie”, in The Origins of Totalitarianism (A Harvest/HBJ Book), new edition, San Diego, Calif.; New York, N.Y.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, published 1973, →ISBN, part 2 (Imperialism), page 140:

     The fact is that [Thomas] Hobbes is interested in neither, but concerned exclusively with the political structure itself, and he depicts the features of man according to the needs of the Leviathan.

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew לִוְיָתָן (liwyāṯān).

• IPA^(key): [leˈvi̯aːtan]
• Hyphenation: Le‧vi‧a‧than

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Leviathan m (strong, genitive Leviathans, plural Leviathane)

1. (biblical) leviathan

• Russian: левиафан (leviafan)

• “Leviathan” in Duden online