Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gyemos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰyem- (“winter”).

Noun

*gyemos m[1]

  1. winter

Declension

Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *gyemos *gyemou *gyemoi
vocative *gyeme *gyemou *gyemoi
accusative *gyemom *gyemou *gyemons
genitive *gyemī *gyemous *gyemom
dative *gyemūi *gyemobom *gyemobos
locative *gyemei *? *?
instrumental *gyemū *gyemobim *gyemūis

Derived terms

Descendants

All descendants point to an intermediate *gyamos.

  • Proto-Brythonic: *gəjaβ̃
    • Old Breton: guoiam
      • Middle Breton: gouaff
    • Old Cornish: goyf
    • Old Welsh: gaem
  • Old Irish: gam, gaim, gem
  • Gaulish: Giamos (personal name)
  • ⇒ Primitive Irish: ᚌᚐᚋᚔᚉᚒᚅᚐᚄ (gamicunas, personal name, literally “winter dog”)
  • ⇒ Gaulish: giamonios (name of a month) (attested from the Coligny calendar)

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*gyemo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 170

See also

Seasons in Proto-Celtic · *amsterās (layout · text) · category
*wesrakos (“spring”) *samos (“summer”) *wogamur (“autumn”) *gyemos (“winter”)
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