Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ëhva

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Alternative forms

  • *hëhva

Etymology

PIE word
*h₁éḱwos

From earlier *ëšva, probably borrowed from Proto-Baltic *éśwāˀ (whence Lithuanian ašva).[1]

Noun

*ëhva[2]

  1. heifer (young cow)

Inflection

Inflection of *ëhva
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *ëhva *ëhvat
accusative *ëhvan *ëhvat
genitive *ëhvan *ëhvadën
*ëhvoidën
partitive *ëhvada *ëhvoida
inessive *ëhvassa
*ëhvahna 		*ëhvoissa
*ëhvoihna
elative *ëhvasta *ëhvoista
illative *ëhvahën *ëhvoihën
adessive *ëhvalla *ëhvoilla
ablative *ëhvalta *ëhvoilta
allative *ëhvalën
*ëhvalëk 		*ëhvoilën
*ëhvoilëk
essive *ëhvana *ëhvoina
translative *ëhvaksi *ëhvoiksi
instructive *ëhvan *ëhvoin
comitative *ëhvanëk *ëhvoinëk
abessive *ëhvatta *ëhvoitta

Descendants

  • Estonian: õhv
  • Finnish: hieho, (dialectal) hiehvo, hehvo, ieho
  • ⇒ Ingrian: heevikke
  • ⇒ Karelian:
    • North Karelian: hiehkoni
  • Livonian: õ’v
  • Võro: õhv, hõhv
  • Votic: õhvõ

References

  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “hieho”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 4 August 2025
  2. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*(h)ëhva”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[2] (in Finnish)

Further reading

  • “õhv”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “hieho”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[3] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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