Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/arka

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *argaz.[1]

Adjective

*arka[2]

  1. cowardly, timid, shy

Inflection

Inflection of *arka
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *arka *argat
accusative *argan *argat
genitive *argan *arkadën
*arkoidën
partitive *arkada *arkoida
inessive *argassa
*argahna 		*argoissa
*argoihna
elative *argasta *argoista
illative *arkahën *arkoihën
adessive *argalla *argoilla
ablative *argalta *argoilta
allative *arkalën
*arkalëk 		*arkoilën
*arkoilëk
essive *arkana *arkoina
translative *argaksi *argoiksi
instructive *argan *argoin
comitative *arkanëk *arkoinëk
abessive *argatta *argoitta

Descendants

  • Estonian: arg
  • Finnish: arka
  • Ingrian: arka
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: arka
    • South Karelian: arga
  • Livonian: ārga
  • Livvi: argu
  • Ludian: arg
  • Veps: arg
  • Võro: arg
  • Votic: arkõ
  • → Proto-Samic: *ārkē (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “arka”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 4 August 2025
  2. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*arka”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[2] (in Finnish)

Further reading

  • “arg”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
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