Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kürsä

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Permic *kürsä, compare Erzya кши (kši), кше (kše) and Moksha кши (kši).[1] Possibly ultimately an early borrowing from Proto-Balto-Slavic *krušā́ˀ.[2]

Noun

*kürsä[3]

  1. bread
    Synonyms: *kakku, *laipa

Inflection

Inflection of *kürsä
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *kürsä *kürsät
accusative *kürsän *kürsät
genitive *kürsän *kürsäden
*kürseiden
partitive *kürsädä *kürseidä
inessive *kürsässä
*kürsähnä 		*kürseissä
*kürseihnä
elative *kürsästä *kürseistä
illative *kürsähen *kürseihen
adessive *kürsällä *kürseillä
ablative *kürsältä *kürseiltä
allative *kürsälen
*kürsälek 		*kürseilen
*kürseilek
essive *kürsänä *kürseinä
translative *kürsäksi *kürseiksi
instructive *kürsän *kürsein
comitative *kürsänek *kürseinek
abessive *kürsättä *kürseittä

Descendants

  • Estonian: (dialectal; Viljandi) kürss
  • Finnish: kyrsä
  • Karelian:
    • South Karelian: kyržä, kyrzä
  • Livvi: kyrzy
  • Ludian: kürz
  • Veps: kürz
  • Võro: (Mulgi) kürss

References

  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “kyrsä”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 4 August 2025
  2. ^ Koivulehto, Jorma. 2003. Frühe Kontakte zwischen Uralisch und Indogermanisch im nordwestindogermanischen Raum. LangPreEu 279-317
  3. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*kürsä”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[2] (in Finnish)

Further reading

  • Entry #1351 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kyrsä”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[3] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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