Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kauka-

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hauhaz (“high”), as first proposed by Aikio (2000).[1] Earlier suggested to derive from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kawka, ultimately from the same Indo-European root as the Germanic word, but the possible cognates in other Uralic languages have been explained otherwise, e.g. Northern Sami guhkki from Proto-Uralic *kuwa (“long”) + Proto-Uralic *-kka. Saarikivi (2022), though, argues that Finnic *kauka could also theoretically derive from it, although this has phonetic irregularities; he also, however, offers some criticism of the Germanic etymology in terms of semantics (“high” in Germanic, “long (thing, time)” in Finnic).[2]

Adjective

*kauka-[3]

  1. long
    Synonym: *pitkä

Derived terms

Descendants

From *kauka (“long”):

  • Finnish: (obsolete, survives only in place-names) kauka, ⇒ kauko-

From *kaugan (“for a long time”) (with *-n):

  • Estonian: kaua
  • Finnish: kauan
  • Ingrian: kavvan
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: kauvan
    • South Karelian: kauvan
  • Võro: kauga
  • Votic: kauga

From *kaugas (“far, far away”) (with *-s):

From *kaukana (“far away, afar”) (with *-na):

References

  1. ^ Aikio, Ante. Suomen kauka. Virittäjä 104(4), 2000.
  2. ^ Saarikivi, Janne (2022), “Kukkia jostain kaukaa”, in Kaheinen, Kaisla, Leisiö, Larisa, Erkkilä, Riku, Qiu, Toivo E. H., editors, Hämeenmaalta Jamalille : kirja Tapani Salmiselle 07.04.2022, Helsinki University Library, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*kauka-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[1] (in Finnish)

Further reading

  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kauka-”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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