Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/maksadak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Finno-Permic *maksa-, possibly borrowed from Proto-Iranian [Term?][1] (for the phonology, compare *paksu).
Verb
*maksadak (stem *maksa-)[2]
Inflection
Inflection of *maksadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *maksan | *maksoin | — | *maksagon |
| 2nd sing. | *maksat | *maksoit | *maksak | *maksagos |
| 3rd sing. | *maksabi *maksa |
*maksoi | *maksagasën | *maksagosën |
| 1st plur. | *maksakmëk *maksakmak |
*maksoimëk *maksoimak |
*maksagatëmëk *maksagatamak |
*maksagotëmëk *maksagotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *maksaktëk *maksaktak |
*maksoidëk *maksoidak |
*maksagatë *maksagata |
*maksagot'ëk *maksagotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *maksabat *maksa |
*maksoi | *maksagasën | *maksagosën |
| passive | *maksaksën *maksat'aksën |
*maksadisën *maksattisën |
*maksadakahën *maksattakahën |
*maksadakohën *maksattakohën |
| connegative | *maksak | — | *maksagak | *maksagok |
| passive connegative | *maksaktak | — | *maksadagak *maksattagak |
*maksadagok *maksattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *maksakcin | *maksoicin | *maksanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *maksakcit | *maksoicit | *maksanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *maksakci | *maksoici | *maksani | |
| 1st plur. | *maksakcimëk *maksakcimak |
*maksoicimëk *maksoicimak |
*maksanëmëk *maksanëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *maksakcidëk *maksakcidak |
*maksoicidëk *maksoicidak |
*maksanëdëk *maksanëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *maksakci | *maksoici | *maksani | |
| passive | *maksadakcihën *maksat'akcihën |
*maksadicihën *maksatticihën |
*maksadanëhën *maksattanëhën | |
| connegative | *maksakcik | *maksoicik | *maksanëk | |
| passive connegative | *maksadakcik *maksat'akcik |
*maksadicik *maksatticik |
*maksadanëk *maksattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *maksadak | present | *maksaba | *maksadapa *maksattapa |
| infinitive 2 | *maksadë- | past | *maksanut | *maksadu *maksattu |
| gerund/supine | *maksama | negative | *maksamat'oin | |
| action noun | *maksaminen | |||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Estonian: maksma/maksta
- Finnish: maksaa
- Ingrian: maksaa
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: makšua
- South Karelian: makšua
- Livonian: maksõ, (Salaca) maks
- → Latvian: maksāt
- → Latgalian: moksuot
- Livvi: maksua
- Ludian: maksada
- Veps: maksta
- Võro: masma/massaq
- Votic: mahsa
- →? Proto-Samic: *māksētēk (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “maksaa”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 4 August 2025
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*maksa-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][2] (in Finnish)