Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/rikkodak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Unclear. Possibly related to *rikka (compare Finnish rikka). Alternatively, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *brekaną or from Baltic, compare Lithuanian trikti, although EVE considers the last of these unlikely.[1]
Verb
*rikkodak (stem *rikko-)[2]
Inflection
Inflection of *rikkodak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *rik'on | *rik'oin | — | *rikkogon |
| 2nd sing. | *rik'ot | *rik'oit | *rik'ok | *rikkogos |
| 3rd sing. | *rikkobi *rikko |
*rikkoi | *rikkogasën | *rikkogosën |
| 1st plur. | *rik'okmëk *rik'okmak |
*rikkoimëk *rikkoimak |
*rikkogatëmëk *rikkogatamak |
*rikkogotëmëk *rikkogotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *rik'oktëk *rik'oktak |
*rikkoidëk *rikkoidak |
*rikkogatë *rikkogata |
*rikkogot'ëk *rikkogotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *rikkobat *rikko |
*rikkoi | *rikkogasën | *rikkogosën |
| passive | *rik'oksën *rik'ot'aksën |
*rikkodisën *rik'ottisën |
*rikkodakahën *rik'ottakahën |
*rikkodakohën *rik'ottakohën |
| connegative | *rik'ok | — | *rikkogak | *rikkogok |
| passive connegative | *rik'oktak | — | *rikkodagak *rik'ottagak |
*rikkodagok *rik'ottagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *rik'okcin | *rikkoicin | *rikkonën | |
| 2nd sing. | *rik'okcit | *rikkoicit | *rikkonët | |
| 3rd sing. | *rik'okci | *rikkoici | *rikkoni | |
| 1st plur. | *rik'okcimëk *rik'okcimak |
*rikkoicimëk *rikkoicimak |
*rikkonëmëk *rikkonëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *rik'okcidëk *rik'okcidak |
*rikkoicidëk *rikkoicidak |
*rikkonëdëk *rikkonëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *rik'okci | *rikkoici | *rikkoni | |
| passive | *rikkodakcihën *rik'ot'akcihën |
*rikkodicihën *rik'otticihën |
*rikkodanëhën *rik'ottanëhën | |
| connegative | *rik'okcik | *rikkoicik | *rikkonëk | |
| passive connegative | *rikkodakcik *rik'ot'akcik |
*rikkodicik *rik'otticik |
*rikkodanëk *rik'ottanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *rikkodak | present | *rikkoba | *rikkodapa *rik'ottapa |
| infinitive 2 | *rikkodë- | past | *rikkonut | *rikkodu *rik'ottu |
| gerund/supine | *rikkoma | negative | *rikkomat'oin | |
| action noun | *rikkominen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: rikkuma/rikkuda
- Finnish: rikkoa
- → Northern Sami: rihkkut
- Ingrian: rikkoa
- Karelian: rikkuo
- Livonian: rikkõ
- Livvi: rikkuo
- Ludian: rikkoda
- Veps: rikta
- Võro: rikma/rikkuq
- Votic: rikkoa
References
- ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “rikkoa”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 4 August 2025
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*rikko-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][2] (in Finnish)
Further reading
- “rikkuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012