Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/talvi

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *tälwä (“winter”) (compare Proto-Samic *tālvē, Hungarian tél).[1] The conditional stem type shift *ä-ä > *a-i is attested in several other words as well (e.g. *sappi (“gall”), *sarni (“ash tree”)), and since Zhivlov (2014), has widely been recognized as regular.

Noun

*talvi[2]

  1. winter

Inflection

Inflection of *talvi
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *talvi *talvët
accusative *talvën *talvët
genitive *talvën *talvëdën
*talvidën
partitive *talvëda *talvida
inessive *talvëssa
*talvëhna 		*talvissa
*talvihna
elative *talvësta *talvista
illative *talvëhën *talvihën
adessive *talvëlla *talvilla
ablative *talvëlta *talvilta
allative *talvëlën
*talvëlëk 		*talvilën
*talvilëk
essive *talvëna *talvina
translative *talvëksi *talviksi
instructive *talvën *talvin
comitative *talvënëk *talvinëk
abessive *talvëtta *talvitta

Descendants

  • Estonian: talv
  • Finnish: talvi
  • Ingrian: talvi
  • Karelian:
  • Livonian: tǭla
  • Livvi: talvi
  • Ludian: talʹv
  • Veps: talʹv
  • Võro: talv'
  • Votic: talvi

References

  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “talvi”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 4 August 2025
  2. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*talvi”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[2] (in Finnish)
  • “talv”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[3] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
  • Zhivlov, Mikhail. 2014. "Studies in Uralic vocalism III". In Journal of Language Relationship 12, pp. 113–148.
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