Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/voi

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

From earlier *vooji, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *waje.[1]

Noun

*voi[2]

  1. butter
Inflection
Inflection of *voi
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *voi *voit
accusative *voin *voit
genitive *voin *voidën
*voidën
partitive *voita *voita
inessive *voissa
*voihna 		*voissa
*voihna
elative *voista *voista
illative *voisën *voisën
adessive *voilla *voilla
ablative *voilta *voilta
allative *voilën
*voilëk 		*voilën
*voilëk
essive *voina *voina
translative *voiksi *voiksi
instructive *voin *voin
comitative *voinëk *voinëk
abessive *voitta *voitta
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Estonian: või
  • Finnish: voi
  • Ingrian: voi
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: voi
    • South Karelian: voi
  • Livonian: (Salaca) vui, ⇒ vȭidag
  • Livvi: voi
  • Veps: voi
  • >? Võro: võid, võisõq
  • Votic: või

Etymology 2

Perhaps of expressive origin. Compare the descendants of Proto-Indo-European *wáy such as Proto-Balto-Slavic *wái and Proto-Germanic *wai (whence English woe).

Interjection

*voi

  1. oh, woe

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Estonian: (dialectal) voi
  • Finnish: voi
  • Ingrian: voi
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: voi
    • South Karelian: voi
  • Livonian: võih
  • Livvi: voi
  • Ludian: voi
  • Veps: voi
  • Võro: võiq
  • Votic: voi

References

  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “voi”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 4 August 2025
  2. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*voi”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[2] (in Finnish)
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