Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ukōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

  • *-ikōną

Etymology

Unknown.

Suffix

*-ukōną

  1. suffix applied to adjectives, nouns, and sometimes verbs to form verbs with an intensive, frequentative, or causative force

Inflection

Conjugation of *-ukōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *-ukō *-ukǭ *-ukōi ?
2nd singular *-ukōsi *-ukōs *-ukō *-ukōsai *-ukōsau
3rd singular *-ukōþi *-ukō *-ukōþau *-ukōþai *-ukōþau
1st dual *-ukōs *-ukōw
2nd dual *-ukōþiz *-ukōþiz *-ukōþiz
1st plural *-ukōmaz *-ukōm *-ukōnþai *-ukōnþau
2nd plural *-ukōþ *-ukōþ *-ukōþ *-ukōnþai *-ukōnþau
3rd plural *-ukōnþi *-ukōn *-ukōnþau *-ukōnþai *-ukōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *-ukōdǭ *-ukōdēdį̄
2nd singular *-ukōdēz *-ukōdēdīz
3rd singular *-ukōdē *-ukōdēdī
1st dual *-ukōdēdū *-ukōdēdīw
2nd dual *-ukōdēdudiz *-ukōdēdīdiz
1st plural *-ukōdēdum *-ukōdēdīm
2nd plural *-ukōdēdud *-ukōdēdīd
3rd plural *-ukōdēdun *-ukōdēdīn
present past
participles *-ukōndz *-ukōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *-ukōn, *-ikōn
    • Old English: -cian, -ecian
      • Middle English: -ken
        • English: -k, (dialectal) -ock
          • English: jummock (to jolt, work up and down) (dialectal)
        • Scots: -k
    • Old Frisian: -kia
      • North Frisian: -ke
      • Saterland Frisian: -kje
      • West Frisian: -kje
    • Old Saxon: -akōn
      • Middle Low German: -ken
        • German Low German: -ken
    • Old Dutch: *-kon
    • Old High German: -ihhōn, -ichōn
  • Old Norse: -ka