Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/balwōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Either derived from *balwą (“evil, misfortune”) +‎ *-ōną or *balwaz (“evil, bad”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑl.wɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*balwōną

to make worse, spoil, damage
to torture, torment
to speak evil, swear, curse

Inflection

Conjugation of *balwōną (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*balwō	*balwǭ	—	*balwōi	?
2nd singular	*balwōsi	*balwōs	*balwō	*balwōsai	*balwōsau
3rd singular	*balwōþi	*balwō	*balwōþau	*balwōþai	*balwōþau
1st dual	*balwōs	*balwōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*balwōþiz	*balwōþiz	*balwōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*balwōmaz	*balwōm	—	*balwōnþai	*balwōnþau
2nd plural	*balwōþ	*balwōþ	*balwōþ	*balwōnþai	*balwōnþau
3rd plural	*balwōnþi	*balwōn	*balwōnþau	*balwōnþai	*balwōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*balwōdǭ	*balwōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*balwōdēz	*balwōdēdīz
3rd singular	*balwōdē	*balwōdēdī
1st dual	*balwōdēdū	*balwōdēdīw
2nd dual	*balwōdēdudiz	*balwōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*balwōdēdum	*balwōdēdīm
2nd plural	*balwōdēdud	*balwōdēdīd
3rd plural	*balwōdēdun	*balwōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*balwōndz	*balwōdaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *balwōn
- >? Old Frisian: *balia
  - ⇒ Old Frisian: forbalia
  - ⇒ Old Frisian: urbalia
- Old Saxon: *baluwōn
  - Middle Low German: *balwen
    - ⇒ Middle Low German: vörbalwen, vorbalwen, vorballewen
- Old Dutch: *baluwon
  - Middle Dutch: baluwen, baellewen
- Old High German: *balawōn
  - ⇒ Old High German: gibalawōn
- →? Vulgar Latin: *balvō, *malvō (assimilated to Latin malus)
  - Galician: malvar
  - Old Spanish: malvar
Old Norse: bǫlva
- Icelandic: bölva