Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/helmaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos (“covering”), from the root *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, protect”).[1] Cognate to Proto-Germanic *helaną, Latin clam, Latin celo.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈxel.mɑz/

    Noun

    *helmaz m

    1. helmet

    Inflection

    Declension of *helmaz (masculine a-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative *helmaz *helmōz, *helmōs
    vocative *helm *helmōz, *helmōs
    accusative *helmą *helmanz
    genitive *helmas, *hilmis *helmǫ̂
    dative *helmai *helmamaz
    instrumental *helmō *helmamiz

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Proto-West Germanic: *helm
      • Old English: helm
        • Middle English: helm
      • Old Frisian: helm
        • Saterland Frisian: Hälm
        • West Frisian: helm
      • Old Saxon: helm
      • Old Dutch: helm
      • Old High German: helm, halm (10th C. compounds)
      • → Latin: helmus [8th century, Reichenau Glossary] (see there for further descendants)
      • → Proto-Slavic: *šelmъ (see there for further descendants)
    • Old Norse: hjalmr
    • Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)
    • →? Proto-Finnic: *hëlma (“hem, margin of cloth”)

    References

    1. ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989), “Helm”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
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