Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrinkwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unclear. According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreng-, nasalized variant of *(s)ker- (“to bend”).^[1]

Thought to be related to Old High German hranca and Middle Dutch ranke (“tendril, twig”). Furthermore possibly related to Old Church Slavonic крѫгъ (krǫgŭ, “circle”).^[2]

Alternative reconstructions

*hrenkwaną^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxriŋʷ.kʷɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hrinkwaną

to bend
to curl
to recoil, to give way

Inflection

Conjugation of *hrinkwaną (strong class 3)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hrinkwō	*hrinkwaų	—	*hrinkwai	?
2nd singular	*hrinkwizi	*hrinkwaiz	*hrinkw	*hrinkwazai	*hrinkwaizau
3rd singular	*hrinkwidi	*hrinkwai	*hrinkwadau	*hrinkwadai	*hrinkwaidau
1st dual	*hrinkwōz	*hrinkwaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hrinkwadiz	*hrinkwaidiz	*hrinkwadiz	—	—
1st plural	*hrinkwamaz	*hrinkwaim	—	*hrinkwandai	*hrinkwaindau
2nd plural	*hrinkwid	*hrinkwaid	*hrinkwid	*hrinkwandai	*hrinkwaindau
3rd plural	*hrinkwandi	*hrinkwain	*hrinkwandau	*hrinkwandai	*hrinkwaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hrankw	*hrunkį̄
2nd singular	*hranht	*hrunkīz
3rd singular	*hrankw	*hrunkī
1st dual	*hrunkū	*hrunkīw
2nd dual	*hrunkudiz	*hrunkīdiz
1st plural	*hrunkum	*hrunkīm
2nd plural	*hrunkud	*hrunkīd
3rd plural	*hrunkun	*hrunkīn

	present	past
participles	*hrinkwandz	*hrunkwanaz

Descendants

Old Norse: hrøkkva
- Icelandic: hrökkva
- Faroese: røkka
- Norwegian Nynorsk: rekka
- Danish: række
  - Norwegian Bokmål: rekke

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “935-38”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 935-38
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Seebold, Elmar (1970), “*HRENKW-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 273

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “935-38”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 935-38

[seebold-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Seebold, Elmar (1970), “*HRENKW-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 273

[1]

[2]