Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hugōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. Synchronically analyzable as *hugiz (“understanding, mind”) +‎ *-ōną (“verbal suffix”).[1]

Verb

*hugōną

  1. to have in mind, think
  2. to think about, consider
  3. to remember, recall

Inflection

Conjugation of *hugōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hugō *hugǭ — *hugōi ?
2nd singular *hugōsi *hugōs *hugō *hugōsai *hugōsau
3rd singular *hugōþi *hugō *hugōþau *hugōþai *hugōþau
1st dual *hugōs *hugōw — — —
2nd dual *hugōþiz *hugōþiz *hugōþiz — —
1st plural *hugōmaz *hugōm — *hugōnþai *hugōnþau
2nd plural *hugōþ *hugōþ *hugōþ *hugōnþai *hugōnþau
3rd plural *hugōnþi *hugōn *hugōnþau *hugōnþai *hugōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hugōdǭ *hugōdēdį̄
2nd singular *hugōdēz *hugōdēdīz
3rd singular *hugōdē *hugōdēdī
1st dual *hugōdēdū *hugōdēdīw
2nd dual *hugōdēdudiz *hugōdēdīdiz
1st plural *hugōdēdum *hugōdēdīm
2nd plural *hugōdēdud *hugōdēdīd
3rd plural *hugōdēdun *hugōdēdīn
present past
participles *hugōndz *hugōdaz
  • *hugō
  • *hugô

Descendants

Note: Many descendants became conflated with the descendants of the related Proto-Germanic *hugjaną.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hugōn
    • Old English: hogian, hugian, hohgian, hohggian
      • Middle English: hoȝen, howen
    • Old Frisian: hugia
      • Saterland Frisian: hoagje
      • West Frisian: hûgje
    • Old Saxon: *hugōn, *hogōn
    • Old Dutch: *hugon, *hogon
    • Old High German: *hugōn, *hogōn
      • Middle High German: hugen, hogen
      • ⇒ Old High German: hogazzen, hogezzen
  • Old Norse: huga

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*xuʒōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 191
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